生物炭基有机肥对菠菜品质和土壤肥力性状的影响

Biochar Co-composted Products as Biochar-based Organic Fertilizer Improved Spinach Quality and Soil Properties

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 常规堆肥中添加外源秸秆生物炭制备生物炭基有机肥，研究该有机肥与化肥配施对蔬菜产量、品质和土壤性质的影响。
    方法 以秸秆和猪粪为堆肥原料，外源生物炭一次性添加比例分别为0%、5%、15%和25%，开展生物炭共堆肥试验。通过分析该堆肥产品的总碳和总养分等含量，评价该共堆肥产品是否可以认定为生物炭基有机肥。然后将该生物炭基有机肥以5 t hm−2的施用量作为基肥栽培菠菜，探究其对菠菜品质和土壤性质的影响。
    结果 共堆肥产品的总碳含量387.4 ~ 420.4 g kg−1、pH 8.3 ~ 8.4、总养分（N + P2O5 + K2O）含量6.9% ~ 11.3%，达到了生物炭基有机肥（NY/T3618—2020）的关键指标要求。与不添加生物炭的常规堆肥相比，15% ~ 25%生物炭的添加比例分别显著增加了堆肥产品的总碳含量7.6% ~ 12.3%、腐殖化程度47.0% ~ 101.4%、降低了总养分含量16.4% ~ 37.3%。该认定的生物炭基有机肥作为基肥用于菠菜栽培后，与不添加生物炭的常规堆肥相比，菠菜产量增加16.4% ~ 22.2% ( P < 0.05)、维生素C含量显著增加40.7% ~ 96.7%，可溶性糖含量显著增加31.1% ~ 72.6%。土壤有机碳含量显著增加7.4% ~ 11.1%，速效磷含量显著下降11.0% ~ 32.1%。
    结论 综合考虑堆肥产品质量、蔬菜产量和品质、土壤有机碳提升效果，生物炭在共堆肥制备过程中的添加比例为15%，并且该生物炭基有机肥作为基肥，其施用量以5 t hm−2为宜。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The study was to prepare biochar-based organic fertilizer by adding exogenous straw biochar to conventional compost, and to evaluate its effects on spinach yield, quality and soil properties. The aims were to address the role of biochar as a compost amendment and the potential of this co-compost product as a biochar-based organic fertilizer to enhance yield and efficiency in vegetable soil.
    Method Using straw and pig manure as composting materials, exogenous biochar was added at ratios of 0%, 5%, 15%, and 25% for co-composting experiments. By analyzing the total carbon and nutrient content of the compost product, the study evaluated whether the co-compost product could be identified as biochar-based organic fertilizer. Subsequently, the biochar-based organic fertilizer was combined with chemical fertilizers to cultivate spinach, investigating its effects on spinach quality and soil properties.
    Result The co-compost product exhibited total carbon content of 387.4 - 420.4 g kg−1, pH of 8.3 - 8.4, and total nutrient (N + P2O5 + K2O) content of 6.9% - 11.3%, meeting the main criteria for biochar-based organic fertilizer (NY/T 3618-2020). Compared to conventional compost without biochar, the addition of 15% and 25% biochar increased the total carbon content of the co-compost product by 7.6% - 12.3%, and the humification degree by 47.0% - 101.4%, while reducing total nutrient content by 16.4% - 37.3%. When the identified biochar-based organic fertilizer was for spinach cultivation, compared to conventional compost without biochar, spinach yield increased by 16.4% - 22.2% (P < 0.05), vitamin C content increased by 40.7% - 96.7%, and soluble sugar content increased by 31.1% - 72.6%. Soil organic carbon content increased by 7.4% - 11.1%, while available phosphorus decreased by 11.0% - 32.1%.
    Conclusion Considering compost product quality, vegetable yield, quality, and soil organic carbon improvement, the optimal addition ratio for biochar is 15% during co-composting, with a recommended application rate of 5 t hm−2 as a base fertilizer for the biochar-based organic fertilizer.

     

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