阴山北麓向日葵水氮耦合对水氮利用效率及产量的影响

Effects of Water-nitrogen Coupling on Water and Nitrogen Use Efficiencies and Yield of Sunflower at the North Foot of Yinshan Mountain

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究水氮调控对阴山北麓地区向日葵水氮利用效率和籽粒产量的影响，明确该地区向日葵合理的水氮投入量。
    方法 采用双因素试验设计，研究设置3个灌水量：W0（雨养，不灌水）、W1（补水灌溉，灌水量1800 m3 hm−2）和W2（过量灌溉，灌水量3600 m3 hm−2）；每个灌水量下分别设置3个施氮量：N0（不施氮）、N1（推荐施氮，135 kg hm−2）和N2（2倍推荐施氮，270 kg hm−2）。通过田间试验方法，研究水氮耦合对向日葵籽粒产量、土壤氮素含量、水分利用效率和氮肥吸收利用率的影响，并通过回归分析拟合得出最佳水氮用量。
    结果 随着灌水量和施氮量的增加，向日葵籽粒产量、百粒重、水分利用效率和氮肥吸收利用率均表现为先增加后下降的趋势。W1和N1处理分别在不同灌水和施氮条件下表现出最高的籽粒产量和水氮利用率，显著高于W0、W2和N0、N2处理，同时灌水量和施氮量存在极显著交互效应（P < 0.05）；W1N1处理向日葵籽粒产量、水分利用效率和氮肥吸收利用率最高，分别为3627.64 kg hm−2、0.89 kg m−3和65.13%，较其他处理分别提高7.33% ~ 193.11%、10.37% ~ 98.80%和53.17% ~ 393.78%。1 m土层硝态氮和铵态氮积累量与施氮量呈正相关，与灌水量呈负相关，且施氮量（N）与灌水量（W）均对其有极显著影响。
    结论 阴山北麓地区向日葵最佳水氮复配组合为灌水量2137.90 m3 hm−2，施氮量174.10 kg hm−2。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aims were to explore the influence of water and nitrogen (N) regulation on water and N utilization efficiency and grain yield of sunflower in the north foot of Yinshan Mountain, and to determine the reasonable water and N input of sunflower in this area.
    Method Using a two-factor experimental design, three irrigation volumes were studied: W0 (rain feeding, no irrigation), W1 (watering irrigation, irrigation volume 1800 m3 hm−2), and W2 (over-irrigation, irrigation volume 3600 m3 hm−2); three N applications were set at each irrigation volume, N0 (non-nitration), N1 (nitration is recommended, 135 kg hm−2), and N2 (2 times recommended, 270 kg hm−2). Using a conditional trial method, the effects of water-nitrogen coupling on sunflower grain yield, soil N content, water use efficiency, and N fertilizer absorption and utilization rates were studied, and the regression analysis was used to determine the optimal water and N application rates.
    Result With the increase of irrigation and N application, sunflower grain yield, 100 - grain weight, water use efficiency and N fertilizer utilization rate showed a trend of increasing and then decreasing. The W1 and N1 treatments showed the highest grain yield and water and N utilization under different irrigation and N application conditions, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the W0, W2, and N0, N2 treatments. At the same time, there was an extremely significant interaction effect between the irrigation and N application（P < 0.05）. The sunflower grain yield, water use efficiency and N fertilizer utilization rates in the W1N1 treatment were the highest at 3627.64 kg hm−2, 8.88 kg hm−2 mm−1 and 65.13%, respectively, which were increased by 7.33%-193.11%, 10.37%-98.80% and 53.17%-393.78%, respectively, compared with the other treatments. Nitrate-N and ammonium-N accumulations in the 1 m soil layer were positively correlated with N application rates and negatively correlated with the amount of irrigation water, and both the amount of N applied and the amount of water irrigated (W) had highly significant effects on them.
    Conclusion According to the nonlinear surface fitting, the optimal water and N combination of sunflower in the north foot of Yinshan was 2137.90 m3 hm−2 and 174.10 kg hm−2.

     

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