Objective The protection and utilization of the Black Soils in Northeast China is closely related to the development of New Quality Agricultural Productivity, which is of great significance for the high-quality development of agriculture, comprehensive revitalization, and rural revitalization in Northeast China. The aim was to explore the collaborative development pathways between the protection and utilization of the Black Soil in Northeast China and the development of New Quality Agricultural Productivity.

Methods This study sorted out the core concepts, internal connections, and theoretical logic relationship of the mutual feedback development by comprehensively using methods such as the literature analysis method, questionnaire survey method and policy measurement method. The 126 policy texts at all levels for the protection of the black soils and 330 household questionnaire surveys were carefully selected. Four theoretical logic aspects, namely policy guidance, scientific and technological empowerment, talent support, and market-driven, were constructed for discussion to clarify the core concepts and internal connections.

Result The current practical dilemmas faced were as follows. There were shackles in the coordination between the central and local governments and among different ministries in policies. There were contradictions between short-term and long-term interests in the application of protective farming technologies. The loss of agricultural talents was serious, and the aging of the rural population was intensifying. The land transfer was not smooth, and there were obstacles in the market-oriented reform of land factors.

Conclusion The targeted collaborative pathways were proposed, including the removing the shackles of policy coordination and construct a closed-loop policy for the protection of the Black Soil in Northeast China, resolving the contradictions in technology application and driving the upgrading of the agricultural industry with new technologies, strengthening the cultivation system of agricultural talents and implementing diversified measures to attract and retain talents, clearing the obstacles in land transfer and deepen the market-oriented reform of rural land in the black soil region of Northeast China.