Abstract: Forest soil health is increasingly threatened by multiple anthropogenic and natural stressors, which destabilizes ecosystem functions and compromises regional ecological security and the sustainable development of human societies. Consequently, rigorous scientific assessment of forest soil health and the establishment of robust quality-improvement standards have become both theoretically urgent and practically imperative. This review synthesized recent advances in risk-assessment methodologies and indicator frameworks for forest soil health, and critically evaluated existing quality-improvement protocols at national and international scales. By integrating morphological, physical, chemical and biological indicators, the multi-dimensional natures of forest soil health were systematically characterized, and the strengths and limitations of prevailing assessment approaches were compared, including composite-index, fuzzy-mathematical, grey-clustering and artificial-neural-network methods. Comparative analysis of current forest soil quality standards revealed substantive deficiencies in scientific underpinning, enforceability and regional adaptability. The existing assessment schemes and standard systems were needed further optimization to enhance their scientific rigor, systematic coherence and operational feasibility. Future researches should optimize indicator systems of region-specific quality-improvement standards and construct dynamic monitoring and early-warning platforms for forest soil health.