Abstract: In order to quantitatively evaluate the erosion resistance of base materials on the ecological concrete protection slope, the aggregates distribution characteristics and various erosion resistance indices were analyzed in laboratory, compared with the natural soil with similar site conditions. The results showed that the proportions of > 0.25 mm mechanical stability aggregates and > 0.25 mm water-stable aggregates, mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GWD), and organic matter in the vegetation-growing concrete were higher than those in the natural soil. However, the structural failure rate (PAD), erodibility factor (K), dispersion rate, and fractal dimension (D) in the vegetation-growing concrete were significantly lower than those in natural soil. The principal component value of anti-erodibility of vegetation-growing concrete was 2.5 times higher than that of natural soil, indicating that the vegetation-growing concrete improved aggregation degree, and increased its anti-erodibility. Correlation analysis showed that the proportion of > 0.25 mm water-stable macroaggregates and organic matter were closely related to the other anti-erodibility indicators. Hence, the addition of natural organic materials and cement significantly increased the content of organic matter and the proportion of water-stable macroaggregates of vegetation-growing concrete, resulting in significantly better aggregate stability and anti-erodibility compared with that of natural soil.