Abstract: According to the measured data of the contents of five heavy metal elements from a large uranium mining area, a smelting plant, a tailings dam and the surrounding farmland, we used the improved Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method, the geological accumulation index method and the potential ecological risk index method to comprehensively analyze and evaluate the heavy metal pollution situation in the farmland soil of the mining area. We also studied the sources of the five heavy metal pollutants from the farmland soil through correlation comprehensive analysis, principal component analysis and cluster analysis methods. The results show that the pollution levels of cadmium, chromium, lead and copper from the farmland soil of the three sampling areas show this order: tailing dam > smelting plant > mining area, and the pollution levels of radioactive element uranium show this order: smelting plant > tailing dam > mining area. Now it is clear that the heavy metal pollution in the study area is very serious and the heavy metal pollution’s main source is uranium. The comprehensive evaluation results could provide an important theoretical basis for the scientific management of heavy metal pollution in farmland soil around the uranium mining area.