Effect of Antioxidant Capacity of Greenhouse Tomatoes by Vermicompost
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摘要: 研究蚯蚓肥对温室番茄植株体内抗氧化能力的调节作用,为提高设施栽培条件下蔬菜抗病、抗逆能力提供理论依据和技术支撑。温室内盆栽试验,设置对照(CK)、化肥(CF)、牛粪(CM)和蚯蚓肥(EM)4个处理。观测植株表型性状(株高、茎粗、SPAD值和叶面积),并分别于番茄定植后25 d、50 d和75 d采集植株功能叶片和根系,测定防御酶活性(过氧化氢酶,CAT;过氧化物酶,POD;多酚氧化酶,PPO和超氧化物歧化酶,SOD)、根系活力及丙二醛含量(MDA)。结果表明:(1)蚯蚓肥可显著增加番茄叶面积和根系活力,对株高、茎粗、根系鲜重和叶片SPAD值以及根系丙二醛含量无显著影响;随生育期的延长,蚯蚓肥处理的根冠比呈上升趋势。(2)根系和叶片防御酶活性变化趋势相似,随生育期的延长,CAT活性呈下降趋势,POD活性呈上升趋势,PPO和SOD活性呈先升高后下降趋势。蚯蚓肥可提高番茄的CAT和POD活性,EM处理较其它处理增加21.63% ~ 511.2%;EM处理的PPO活性较CM处理增加54.6% ~ 163.9%,CF处理较CM和EM处理的SOD活性降低23.32% ~ 91.67%。(3)相关性分析表明,番茄叶面积与根系POD活性呈极显著正相关,根系活力与叶片POD呈极显著正相关,根系POD与叶片POD、PPO和SOD呈极显著正相关。设施蔬菜生产中适量施用蚯蚓肥,在促进作物生长发育的同时,可提高番茄植株的抗氧化能力,增强作物的抗逆性和抗病性,为作物高产和病虫害绿色防治奠定基础。Abstract: The study on the regulation of antioxidant enzymes of greenhouse tomato by earthworm fertilizer would provide a theoretical and technical support for improving disease and stress resistance of vegetables under facility cultivation conditions. In a greenhouse pot experiment, four treatments were set up: control (CK), chemical fertilizer (CF), cow manure (CM) and earthworm fertilizer (EM). Phenotypic traits (plant height, stem diameter, SPAD value, and leaf area) were observed, and functional leaves and roots were collected at 25, 50, and 75 d after planting to determine defense enzyme activities (catalase, CAT; peroxidase, POD; polyphenol oxidase, PPO, and superoxide dismutase, SOD), root activity, and malondialdehyde content (MDA). The results showed that (1) Earthworm fertilizer significantly increased the leaf area and root activity of tomato plants, but had no significant effect on plant height, stem diameter, root fresh weight, leaf SPAD values, and root malondialdehyde content. The ratio of root to shoot in the vermicompost treatment showed an increasing trend with the tomato reproductive period. (2) Similar trends were observed between root and leaf defensive enzyme activities with reproductive period of tomato, with a downward trend in CAT, PPO and SOD activities, and an upward trend in POD activities. Earthworm fertilizer increased the CAT and POD activities during the reproductive period of tomato. The PPO activities in the EM treatment were increased by 21.63%-511.2% and by 54.6%-163.9% compared with the other treatments and CM treatment, respectively. The SOD activities in the CF treatment were decreased by 23.32%-91.67% compared with the CM and EM treatments. (3) Correlation analysis showed that leaf area was highly significantly positively correlated with root POD activities, root vigor was highly positively correlated with leaf POD, and root POD was highly positively correlated with leaf POD, PPO and SOD. The application of earthworm fertilizer at an appropriate rate in facility vegetable production can improve the plant's antioxidant defense ability, enhance crop resistance and disease resistance, and promote crop growth and development, which would lay a foundation for high yield and green pest control.
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Key words:
- Vermicompost /
- Facility cultivation /
- Tomato /
- Defensive enzyme /
- Root activity /
- MDA
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表 1 供试肥料基本养分
Table 1. Nutrient contents of the fertilizer used
养分含量
Nutrient content尿素
Urea过磷酸钙
Superphosphate硫酸钾
Potassium sulfate牛粪
Cow manure蚯蚓肥
VermicompostN(g kg−1) 460.00 − − 8.85 11.25 P2O5(g kg−1) − 120.00 − 21.09 19.04 K2O(g kg−1) − − 500.00 7.23 4.13 表 2 番茄植株表型性状和植株防御酶活性等指标间相关性分析
Table 2. Correlation analysis between phenotypic traits and plant defense enzyme activities in tomato plants
叶片
LeafSPAD值
SPAD value叶面积
Leaf area过氧化氢酶
CAT过氧化物酶
POD多酚氧化酶
PPO超氧化物歧化酶
SOD根系 株高 −0.474** 0.914** −0.673** 0.635** 0.834** −0.078 茎粗 −0.304 0.812** −0.499** 0.597** 0.814** −0.073 根鲜重 −0.266 0.748** −0.659** 0.709** 0.799** 0.044 根冠比 −0.255 0.448** −0.490** 0.350* 0.430** −0.229 根系活力 0.106 0.293 −0.494** 0.537** 0.253 0.122 丙二醛 −0.181 0.142 −0.089 0.558** 0.078 −0.371* 过氧化氢酶 0.651** −0.810** 0.585** −0.671** −0.724** 0.110 过氧化物酶 −0.061 0.449** −0.268 0.491** 0.708** 0.485** 多酚氧化酶 −0.154 0.021 0.307 −0.064 0.094 0.161 超氧化物歧化酶 0.233 −0.202 0.088 −0.521** −0.048 0.521** 注:**表示在1%水平相关性显著,*表示在5%水平相关性显著。 -
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