Effects of Basal Application of Multi-Layer Coated Controlled-release Blending Fertilizer on Garlic Yield and Soil Nutrients
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摘要: 为明确多层包膜控释掺混肥在农业生产中的应用效果,通过田间试验研究了其对大蒜鳞茎、蒜薹产量,不同器官养分吸收及土壤速效养分状况的影响。在总养分减量10%的条件下,多层包膜控释掺混肥处理较当地常规处理的蒜薹和鳞茎产量分别提高了32.74%和10.61%,较单层包膜控释掺混肥处理蒜薹产量提高了23.22%,同时能够提高土壤速效氮含量,收获期土壤硝态氮、铵态氮含量较单层包膜控释掺混肥处理分别提高23.79%和5.79%。在总养分减量30%条件下,多层包膜控释掺混肥处理大蒜鳞茎中氮含量较单层包膜控释掺混肥处理提高了6.67%,差异显著,并促进了鳞茎中磷素积累,减轻了养分胁迫状态下养分向地上部积累的效应。经济效益分析表明,在总养分减量10%条件下,施用多层包膜控释掺混肥的净收益较单层包膜控释掺混肥提高6.83%,因此,多层包膜控释掺混肥在农业生产中具有广阔的应用前景。Abstract: In order to determine the application effect of multi-layer coated controlled release mixed fertilizer in agricultural production and its effect on crop nutrient absorption, the field experiment was conducted to study its effect on garlic bulb, garlic bolt yield, nutrient absorption of different organs and soil available nutrient status. The results showed that under 10% reduction of total nutrient, the yield of garlic bolt and bulb increased by 32.74% and 10.61% respectively, compared with the local conventional fertilization, and 23.22% higher than that of single coated controlled release mixed fertilizer. Meanwhile, the application of multi-layer coated controlled release mixed fertilizer could improve the contents of soil available nitrogen. The contents of nitrate nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen in the harvest period were 23.79% and 5.79% higher than that of single coated controlled release mixed fertilizer. Under 30% reduction of total nutrient, the nitrogen content of bulb in multi-layer coated controlled release mixed fertilizer was 6.67% higher than that of single coated controlled release mixed fertilizer, which promoted the accumulation of phosphorus in bulbs and reduced the effect of nutrient accumulation to the upper part of the ground under nutrient stress. Through the analysis of economic benefits, it could be seen that under 10% reduction of total nutrient, the net income of the application of multi-layer coated controlled release mixed fertilizer was 6.83% higher than that of single coated controlled release mixed fertilizer, which had a broad application prospect in agricultural production.
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表 1 大蒜试验施肥设计
Table 1. Experimental design of fertilization under garlic growth
处理
Treatment施肥状况
Fertilization statusCK 不施肥 CF 常规施肥 M10 单层包膜控释掺混肥,较常规施肥总养分减量10% M20 单层包膜控释掺混肥,较常规施肥总养分减量20% M30 单层包膜控释掺混肥,较常规施肥总养分减量30% W10 多层包膜控释掺混肥,较常规施肥总养分减量10% W20 多层包膜控释掺混肥,较常规施肥总养分减量20% W30 多层包膜控释掺混肥,较常规施肥总养分减量30% 表 2 不同处理蒜薹及鳞茎产量
Table 2. Garlic bolt and bulb yield under different treatments
处理
Treatment蒜薹
Garlic bolt鳞茎
Bulb蒜薹产量(kg hm−2)
Garlic bolt yield较CF蒜薹增产(%)
Garlic bolt yield increase comparing with CF鳞茎产量(kg hm−2)
Bulb yield较CF鳞茎增产(%)
Bulb yield increase comparing with CFCK 3551.67 a − 20300.00 e − CF 2525.00 f − 24600.00 bc − M10 2720.00 e 7.72 26691.70 a 8.50 M20 2917.50 cd 15.54 24475.00 bc −0.51 M30 3026.67 c 19.87 23123.30 d −6.00 W10 3351.67 b 32.74 27210.00 a 10.61 W20 2818.33 de 11.62 25288.30 b 2.80 W30 2838.33 d 12.41 24220.00 c −1.55 注:同列数据后不同字母表示处理间在0.05水平差异显著。下同。 表 3 不同处理土壤速效养分含量
Table 3. Soil available nutrient contents under different treatments
处理
Treatment硝态氮(mg kg−1)
$ {\rm{NO}}_{3}^{-} $-N铵态氮(mg kg−1)
$ {\rm{NH}}_{4}^{+} $-N有效磷(mg kg−1)
Available P速效钾(mg kg−1)
Available KCK 25.29 d 21.52 d 17.45 c 128.78 c CF 38.75 c 32.54 bc 28.48 a 199.83 a M10 42.46 c 36.45 a 26.80 a 202.28 a M20 39.96 c 32.40 bc 23.00 b 187.18 ab M30 38.92 c 30.11 c 21.43 b 175.33 b W10 52.56 a 38.56 a 26.30 a 202.70 a W20 47.78 b 35.26 ab 23.40 b 199.83 a W30 48.36 b 30.73 c 21.87 b 170.43 b 表 4 各施肥处理大蒜不同器官植株氮含量
Table 4. Nitrogen contents of different garlic organs under different fertilization treatments
处理
Treatment蒜薹(%)
Garlic bolt秸秆(%)
Straw蒜头(%)
GarlicCK 0.74 de 0.73 a 0.67 d CF 0.72 e 0.77 a 0.81 b M10 0.76 cde 0.78 a 0.83 ab M20 0.78 bc 0.75 a 0.74 c M30 0.82 ab 0.73 a 0.70 d W10 0.85 a 0.79 a 0.85 a W20 0.81 ab 0.81 a 0.80 b W30 0.77 cd 0.80 a 0.75 c 表 5 各施肥处理大蒜不同器官植株磷含量
Table 5. Phosphorus contents of different garlic organs under different fertilization treatments
处理
Treatment蒜薹(%)
Garlic bolt秸秆(%)
Straw蒜头(%)
GarlicCK 0.69 de 0.68 d 0.60 b CF 0.72 d 1.27 a 0.78 a M10 0.68 de 0.92 b 0.78 a M20 0.97 b 0.72 d 0.62 b M30 1.08 a 0.66 d 0.53 b W10 0.85 c 0.85 bc 0.86 a W20 0.76 d 0.81 c 0.83 a W30 0.63 e 0.79 c 0.80 a 表 6 各施肥处理大蒜不同器官植株钾含量
Table 6. Potassium contents of different garlic organs under different fertilization treatments
处理
Treatment蒜薹(%)
Garlic bolt秸秆(%)
Straw蒜头(%)
GarlicCK 1.42 b 2.60 b 1.28 d CF 1.59 a 2.92 ab 1.43 a M10 1.45 b 2.92 ab 1.27 c M20 1.44 b 2.82 ab 1.25 cd M30 1.19 d 2.62 b 1.23 cd W10 1.42 b 3.03 a 1.32 b W20 1.43 b 2.90 ab 1.25 cd W30 1.30 c 2.75 ab 1.25 cd 表 7 不同施肥处理经济效益分析(元 hm-2)
Table 7. Economic benefits analysis under different fertilization treatments(yuan hm-2)
处理
Treatment总收益
Total revenue总支出
Aggregate expenditure净收益
Net profit较CF增幅(%)
Increase comparing with CF肥料
Fertilizer用工
Labourer其他费用
OtherCK 117838 f 0.00 0.00 50000.00 67838.00 d − CF 134615 d 6002.29 4000.00 50000.00 74612.71 c − M10 145970 b 12960.00 2000.00 50000.00 80524.00 b 7.92 M20 135796 cd 11520.00 2000.00 50000.00 71844.00 c −3.71 M30 129539 e 10080.00 2000.00 50000.00 67081.00 d −10.09 W10 151468 a 12960.00 2000.00 50000.00 86022.00 a 15.29 W20 139406 c 11520.00 2000.00 50000.00 75454.00 c 1.13 W30 134156 d 10080.00 2000.00 50000.00 71698.00 c −3.91 注:市场均价:蒜薹4.6元 kg−1,鳞茎5元 kg−1,尿素1900元 t−1,磷酸二铵3050元 t−1,硫酸钾3200元 t−1,控释肥3320元 t−1,其他费用包括灌溉、农药、种子及日常管理等开支。 -
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