Abstract: Food and energy security is an important part of “six stability and six guarantees”. At present, China has not yet set up a standard to identify the damage of cultivated horizon. However, excessive “non-grain” use of cultivated land is not conducive to the food and energy security, so it is very urgent to establish a standard to identify the damage of cultivated horizon. This study aims at the phenomenon of “non-grain” of cultivated land, and conducts research based on five principles: practical and easy to operate, combining qualitative and quantitative, comparing laws and national standards, adapting measures to local conditions, and comprehensive application of physical, chemical and biological indicators.This study uses the diagnostic thinking of soil taxonomy to formulate the identification criteria of cultivated horizon damage for “non-grain” cultivated land. The identification criteria include ten indicators: the thickness of cultivated layer, man-made intrusions content, gravel content, soil environmental quality, pH, organic matter content, bulk density, texture of cultivated horizon, biodiversity, and degree of salinization. This study discusses the establishment of the identification criteria of cultivated horizon damage for "non-grain" cultivated land. In addition, this study proposes to establish a credit system for cultivated land damage, consider the grade of damaged cultivated land, carry out pilot work, establish a special appraisal agency, actively guide farmers, and improve grain subsidy policies.