Abstract: A new method of combined tillage called “Rotary-subsoiling” was invented to improve the soil structure obstacle of Fluvo-aquic soil and Shajiang black soil, such as subsoil compaction and high soil strength. Two field experiments were established to assess the effects of rotary-subsoiling tillage on soil physical properties, root distribution and grain yield of wheat and maize on these two soils. The treatments included: rotary tillage to 15 cm and rotary-subsoiling to 30 cm on Fluvo-aquic soil; rotary tillage 15 cm, deep ploughing 30 cm and rotary-subsoiling 30 cm on Shajiang black soil. The results showed that, compared with rotary tillage, rotary-subsoiling significantly decreased the soil bulk density and penetration resistance in both soils, increased the rate, amount and depth of water infiltration, as consequently enhanced soil volume water content over the wheat season of Fluvo-aquic soil and Shajiang black soil. Moreover, rotary-subsoiling enhanced the biomass of plant root and significantly increased the yield of wheat by 11.4% and 7.1% , that of of maize by 6.7% and 37% on Fluvo-aquic soil and Shajiang black soil compared with rotary tillage, respectively. Consequently, the income was increased by 1748 and 3277 yuan hm⁻² in these two soils, respectively. In conclusion, the rotary-subsoiling could remediate soil physical properties, increase crop yield, and then increase profit significantly.