不同施肥方式对马铃薯农田土壤有机碳组分和碳库管理指数的影响

郭亚军; 邱慧珍; 张玉娇; 张建斌; 王友玲; 张春红; AnningDominic Kwadwo

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021020603

不同施肥方式对马铃薯农田土壤有机碳组分和碳库管理指数的影响

Effects of Four Fertilization Regimes on Soil Organic Carbon Fractions and Carbon Pool Management Index of Potato Farmland

摘要

摘要: 针对马铃薯生产实践中长期单施化肥或化肥过量施用等不合理施肥措施导致土壤碳库活性变差和土壤生物活性降低等问题。通过田间定位试验，分析不同施肥方式：不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、单施有机肥（M）、有机无机肥配施（NPKM）对旱作马铃薯农田土壤有机碳组分和碳库管理指数的影响。结果显示，连续施肥5年后添加有机肥的M、NPKM处理较CK和NPK处理显著提高了土壤闭蓄态颗粒有机碳（OPOC）和土壤颗粒态有机碳（POC）含量，降低了土壤矿质结合态有机碳（MOC）含量。与CK和NPK处理相比，M、NPKM处理闭蓄态颗粒有机碳（OPOC）含量分别提高了32.52%、30.39%和27.09%、24.78%；土壤颗粒态有机碳（POC）含量分别提高了31.52%、29.65%和25.18%、23.15%。添加有机肥的M和NPKM处理显著提高了颗粒态有机碳（POC）的比例，降低了MOC的比例，与CK和NPK相比，M、MNPK处理中POC的比例分别增加了27.72%、25.23%和10.61%、7.54%，MOC的比例分别降低39.42%、33.16%和14.97%、9.81%。添加有机肥显著提高了土壤总有机碳（TOC）、微生物量碳（MBC）、易氧化有机碳（ROC）的含量，与CK处理相比，M和NPKM处理的TOC分别增加了15.28%和13.64%，MBC增加了21.82%和19.17%，ROC的含量分别增加了32.45%和31.35%；施用有机肥和有机无机配施均显著提高碳库管理指数（CPMI）较单施化肥分别提高28.8%和35.65%。综上所述，施用有机肥处理（M处理和MNPK处理）显著地提高了马铃薯农田土壤闭蓄态颗粒有机碳（OPOC）、颗粒态有机碳（POC）和总有机碳（TOC）及微生物量碳（MBC）、易氧化有机碳（ROC）含量，提高了土壤碳库管理指数；即马铃薯栽培施用有机肥有利于土壤活性有机碳的积累、能够改变土壤有机碳组分分布特征。

Abstract: In the potato production practice, long-term single application of chemical fertilizers or excessive application of chemical fertilizers, and other unreasonable fertilization measures lead to the deterioration of soil carbon pool activity and the reduction of soil biological activity. Based on the field experiments, different fertilization methods for 5 consecutive years, such as no fertilization (CK), single application of chemical fertilizer (NPK), single application of organic fertilizer (M), combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers (NPKM), were applied in the potato farmland to investigate their influences on soil organic carbon composition and carbon pool management index. The results showed that the M and NPKM treatments significantly increased the contents of soil occluded particulate organic carbon (OPOC) and soil particulate organic carbon (POC), and reduced soil mineral-associated organic carbon (MOC) content, compared with CK and NPK treatments. Compared with CK and NPK treatments, the OPOC contents in M and NPKM treatments increased by 32.52% and 30.39%, and 27.09% and 24.78%, respectively. The content of particulate organic carbon (POC) increased by 31.52% and 29.65%, and 25.18% and 23.15%, respectively. The addition of organic fertilizer significantly increased the content of total soil organic carbon (TOC), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), and readily oxidized organic carbon (ROC), compared with CK and NPK treatments, showing TOC in M and NPKM treatments increased by 15.28% and 13.64%, MBC increased by 21.82% and 19.17%, and ROC content increased by 32.45% and 31.35%, respectively. Moreover, the applications of organic fertilizer, and organic combined inorganic fertilizer significantly increased the carbon pool management index (CPMI) by 28.8% and 35.65%, respectively, compared with single application of chemical fertilizer. In summary, the application of organic fertilizer in the potato farmland soil was beneficial to the accumulation of soil active organic carbon and could change the distribution characteristics of soil organic carbon components.

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