黄土高原新造耕地施用羧甲基纤维素钾的土壤效应

杨世琦; 王永杰; 颜鑫; 邢磊; 王惟帅; 郭萍

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021032302

黄土高原新造耕地施用羧甲基纤维素钾的土壤效应

doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021032302

杨世琦^{1, 2},
王永杰^{1, 2},
颜鑫^{1, 2},
邢磊^{1, 2},
王惟帅^{1, 2},
郭萍^{1, 2, ,}

1.
中国农业科学院农业环境与可持续发展研究所，北京 100081
2.
农业农村部农业环境与气候变化重点开放实验室，北京 100081

基金项目: “十三五”重点研发课题（2017YFD0800504）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
杨世琦（1970−），男，陕西人，博士，研究员，从事农业面源污染研究。E-mail: shiqiyang@126.com

通讯作者:
E-mail: guoping@caas.cn

中图分类号: S156.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-04-02
- 修回日期: 2022-01-11
- 网络出版日期: 2022-02-12
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-17

Effects of Application of Potassium Carboxymethyl Cellulose on Soil Water and Nutrients in Newly Cultivated Farmland

YANG Shi-qi^{1, 2},
WANG Yong-jie^{1, 2},
YAN Xin^{1, 2},
XING Lei^{1, 2},
WANG Wei-shuai^{1, 2},
GUO Ping^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
2.
Key Laboratory of Agro-Environment and Climate Change, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 目的基于黄土高原新造耕地土壤质量改良需求，开展以羧甲基纤维素钾（CMC-K）为土壤改良剂的田间定位试验研究，为新造耕地土壤水分保持与养分改良提供依据。方法设置CK（0 kg hm⁻²）、T1（100 kg hm⁻²）、T2（500 kg hm⁻²）、T3（1000 kg hm⁻²）和T4（2000 kg hm⁻²）5个处理，对不同处理的新造耕地土壤水分、电导率与养分进行了测定与分析。结果新造耕地施用CMC-K土壤含水量提高14.6%～121.7%，在谷子生长季前期（6月和7月）和后期（10月）土壤保水功效较大。在CMC-K较高施用量（1000 ~ 2000 kg hm⁻²）情况下，谷子生长季前期（6月）土壤电导率提高了37.3% ~ 73.4%；全部处理在谷子生长季后期（10月）的土壤电导率显著降低，降低幅度达19.2% ~ 21.8%；谷子生长季的土壤电导率呈现降低趋势。施用CMC-K能够提高土壤硝态氮9.6% ~ 46.5%、速效磷21.9% ~ 207.9%和速效钾13.2% ~ 95.9%，对土壤pH基本没有影响。施用CMC-K谷子产量提高了6.2% ~ 19.2%。结论施用CMC-K能够保持土壤水分，促进养分吸收利用，提高谷子产量，可以作为黄土高原新造耕地土壤改良剂使用，推荐施用量约100 kg hm⁻²。
- 羧甲基纤维素钾 /
- 新造耕地 /
- 土壤水分 /
- 土壤养分
Abstract: Objective Based on the requirement of soil water and nutrient improvement of newly cultivated farmland of Loess Plateau in Yanan, Shaanxi Province, potassium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-K) was acted as a soil amendment. Method The field experiment was conducted with 5 treatments ( CK, 0 kg hm⁻²; T1, 100 kg hm⁻²; T2, 500 kg hm⁻²; T3, 1000 kg hm⁻²; T4, 2000 kg hm⁻²) to research the changes in soil water, soil electric conductivity and soil nutrients. Result CMC-K application improved soil water content 14.6%-121.7% in newly cultivated farmland, the efficacy of CMC-K application was better in early (June and July) and end-stage (October) of millet growing season than those in the middle stage (August and September). The large CMC-K application amounts (1000-2000 kg hm⁻²) could improve significantly soil electric conductivity by 37.3%-73.4% in early (June) of millet growing season, and soil electric conductivities of all treatments were decreased significantly by 19.2%-21.8% in end (October) of millet growing season. Soil electric conductivities presented decreasing trend in the millet growing season. CMC-K application had no effects on soil total nitrogen, total phosphorus, total potassium, and pH, but enhanced soil nitrate (9.6%-46.5%), available phosphorus (21.9%-207.9%), and available potassium (13.2%-95.9%). CMC-K application could increase millet yield by 6.2%-19.2%. Conclusion CMC-K application can hold soil water, promote soil nutrient absorption and raise millet yield in newly cultivated farmland in Loess Plateau, which may act as a soil amendment and the recommended application rate is 100 kg hm⁻².
- Potassium carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC-K) /
- Newly cultivated farmland /
- Soil water /
- Soil nutrient

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图 1 施用CMC-K对农田土壤含水量的影响

a、b和c表示同一时期不同处理间的显著差异性（P < 0.05）

Figure 1. Effect of application of CMC-K on soil water content

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 施用CMC-K对农田土壤电导率的影响

a、b和c表示同一时期不同处理间的显著差异性（P < 0.05）

Figure 2. Effect of application of CMC-K on soil electric conductivity

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 施用CMC-K对谷子产量的影响

Figure 3. Effect of application of CMC-K on millet yield

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 施用CMC-K对农田土壤氮磷钾养分的影响

Table 1. Effect of application of CMC-K on soil nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) contents

	处理 Treatment	全氮（g kg⁻¹） Total N	全磷（g kg⁻¹） Total P	全钾（g kg⁻¹） Total K	硝态氮（mg kg⁻¹） Nitrate N	速效磷（mg kg⁻¹） Available P	速效钾（mg kg⁻¹） Available K	pH
2018	CK	0.57 ± 0.02 a	0.48 ± 0.02 b	15.78 ± 0.20 a	4.68 ± 0.44 a	0.38 ± 0.04 a	45.33 ± 2.52 a	8.38 ± 0.03 a
	T1	0.54 ± 0.09 a	0.34 ± 0.09 a	17.32 ± 0.34 c	5.13 ± 0.35 b	1.17 ± 0.13 c	57.00 ± 5.00 b	8.39 ± 0.04 a
	T2	0.52 ± 0.06 a	0.42 ± 0.06 b	17.01 ± 0.73 c	5.30 ± 0.12 b	0.57 ± 0.12 b	51.33 ± 3.51 b	8.25 ± 0.12 a
	T3	0.61 ± 0.02 a	0.40 ± 0.02 b	17.40 ± 0.46 c	6.49 ± 0.27 c	0.62 ± 0.36 b	66.00 ± 3.61 c	8.38 ± 0.26 a
	T4	0.59 ± 0.02 a	0.44 ± 0.02 b	16.34 ± 0.34 b	6.85 ± 0.19 c	3.39 ± 0.24 d	74.33 ± 3.21 d	8.34 ± 0.04 a

2019	CK	0.56 ± 0.02 a	0.45 ± 0.02 a	16.12 ± 0.20 a	4.46 ± 0.44 a	0.41 ± 0.04 a	47.14 ± 2.52 a	8.38 ± 0.03 a
	T1	0.58 ± 0.06 a	0.45 ± 0.06 a	16.02 ± 0.68 a	5.09 ± 0.38 b	0.55 ± 0.10 b	57.67 ± 1.53 b	8.37 ± 0.04 a
	T2	0.57 ± 0.01 a	0.45 ± 0.01 a	16.58 ± 0.37 a	5.74 ± 0.08 c	0.64 ± 0.13 c	65.00 ± 4.00 c	8.32 ± 0.06 a
	T3	0.58 ± 0.05 a	0.44 ± 0.05 a	16.43 ± 0.17 a	6.00 ± 0.52 c	0.50 ± 0.02 b	87.00 ± 5.29 d	8.35 ± 0.03 a
	T4	0.60 ± 0.02 a	0.47 ± 0.02 a	16.87 ± 0.09 a	6.44 ± 0.76 c	0.68 ± 0.03 c	92.33 ± 8.50 e	8.33 ± 0.04 a
注：同列不同小写字母表示处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 CMC-K用量与各土壤性质指标间相关性分析（Pearson相关系数）

Table 2. Correlation analysis between CMC-K and various indicators (Pearson correlations coefficient)

	CMC-K施用量 CMC-K application rate	土壤含水量 Soil water content	土壤电导率 soil electric conductivity	全氮 Total nitrogen	全磷 Total phosphorus	全钾 Total potassium	硝态氮 Nitrogen	有效磷 Available phosphorus	有效钾 Available potassium	产量 Yield
CMC-K施用量	1	0.5587^*	−0.3807	−0.0277	0.1772	0.2494	0.9159^*	0.5776^*	0.8341^*	0.7180^*
土壤含水量		1	−0.3368	0.2698	−0.3144	0.6132^*	0.8059^*	0.2704	0.4792	0.8142^*
土壤电导率			1	0.3907	0.2959	−0.5030	−0.4091	−0.5390^*	−0.0085	−0.1453
全氮				1	0.2327	0.0739	0.0555	−0.6686^*	0.2834	0.1987
全磷					1	−0.7473^*	−0.0280	−0.1476	0.1335	−0.2113
全钾						1	0.4168	0.0145	0.2448	0.5123^*
硝态氮							1	0.5543^*	0.8032^*	0.8861^*
有效磷								1	0.2443	0.3046
有效钾									1	0.8347^*
产量										1
注：“^*”表示0.05显著性水平。

下载: 导出CSV

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