宣城市耕地质量等级及土壤养分空间分布特征

Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Cultivated Land Quality Grade and Soil Nutrients in Xuancheng City

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  研究宣城市耕地质量及土壤养分特征，为其因地制宜提升耕地质量提供科学依据。
      方法  基于GIS技术，从立地条件、剖面性状、耕层理化性状、土壤养分、健康状况、农田管理6个方面选取15个评价指标，利用模糊数学法和层次分析法开展宣城市耕地质量等级评价与土壤养分空间分布特征研究。
      结果  宣城市耕地一至十等地均有分布。其中，一至三等地占全市耕地总面积的18.41%，主要分布在宣州区、广德市和郎溪县；四至六等地占全市耕地总面积的73.02%，主要分布在宁国市、广德市和泾县；七至十等地占全市耕地总面积的8.57%，主要分布在绩溪县和旌德县。宣城市各县区耕地养分空间分布特征为：土壤有机质含量多属中等水平，平均含量为24.4 g kg−1，旌德县平均含量最高，郎溪县平均含量最低；土壤有效磷含量多属中等水平，平均含量为21.73 mg kg−1，广德市平均含量最高，旌德县平均含量最低；土壤速效钾含量多属较低水平，平均为100 mg kg−1，宁国市平均含量最高，绩溪县平均含量最低；土壤pH平均值为5.6，以酸性土壤为主，绩溪县平均值最高，郎溪县平均值最低。宣城市耕地土壤障碍因素表现为瘠薄、酸化、障碍层次、渍潜四种类型，分别占全市耕地总面积的1.49%、0.76%、7.24%、1.74%。
      结论  宣城市东北地区耕地质量优于西南地区耕地质量，整体养分状况中等，其中速效钾含量较低且土壤pH多为酸性，耕地质量提升重点在于改善酸性土壤，土壤培肥及肥料增效，提升土壤肥力和灌排能力，改良中低产田。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  This paper studied the characteristics of cultivated land quality and soil nutrient in Xuancheng City in order to provide scientific basis for improving cultivated land quality in accordance with local conditions.
      Method  Based on the GIS technology, 15 evaluation indices were selected from six aspects of site conditions, profile properties, surface physical and chemical properties, soil nutrients, health status and farmland management. Fuzzy mathematics and analytic hierarchy process were used to evaluate the cultivated land quality grade and the spatial distribution characteristics of soil nutrients in Xuancheng City.
      Result  The results showed that the cultivated land in Xuancheng City was distributed in the first to the tenth grade. The areas of cultivated land from the first to the third grade were accounted for 18.41% of the total cultivated land area in Xuancheng City, which mainly distributed in Xuanzhou District, Guangde Dity and Langxi County. Those from the fourth to the sixth grade were accounted for 73.02% of the total cultivated land area, which mainly distributed in Ningguo City, Guangde City and Jingxian County. The areas of cultivated land from the seventh to the tenth grade were accounted for 8.57% of the total cultivated land area, which mainly distributed in Jixi County and Jingde County. The soil organic matter content of cultivated land in Xuancheng City was mostly at the medium level, with an average content of 24.4 g kg−1. Meanwhile the average content of organic matter in Jingde County was the highest, while that in Langxi County was the lowest. The content of available phosphorus in Xuancheng City was mostly at medium level, with an average content of 21.73 mg kg−1. The highest average content was in Guangde City, while the lowest was in Jingde County. The content of soil available potassium was mostly at a low level, with an average content of 100mg kg-1, showing the highest was in Ningguo City, and the lowest in Jixi County. The average pH value of Xuancheng City was 5.6, the acid soil was the main soil. Meanwhile, the average pH value of Jixi County was the highest, and that of Langxi County was the lowest. The soil obstacle factors of cultivated land in Xuancheng city were poor fertility, acidification, obstacle layers and gleization, which accounted for 1.49%, 0.76%, 7.24% and 1.74% of the total cultivated land area of Xuancheng city, respectively.
      Conclusion  The quality of cultivated land in the northeast of Xuancheng City is better than that in the southwest of Xuancheng City. The overall nutrient status of Xuancheng City is medium, in which the content of available potassium is low and the soil pH is mostly acidic.In general, the key to improve the quality of cultivated land was to improve the acid soil, enrich soil fertilizer and increase fertilizer efficiency, promote irrigation and drainage capacity, and improve the medium and low yield fields

     

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