绿肥翻压接种丛枝菌根真菌和深色有隔内生真菌对玉米生长及氮素利用的影响

Nitrogen Conversion Rate of Maize after Inoculation with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi and Dark Septate Endophytes

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  绿肥作为生物肥料，加入土壤后如何提高植物对绿肥利用效率及氮转化效率一直是热点研究课题。本文使用新鲜苜蓿（Medicago sativa）作为绿肥，接种丛枝菌根真菌（Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi，AMF）和深色有隔内生真菌（Dark Septate Endophytes，DSE），探究利用微生物接种提高植物对绿肥利用效率和促进氮素转化的方法。
      方法  本研究在温室条件下，采用玉米（Zea mays L.）作为供试植物，使用新鲜苜蓿（Medicago sativa）作为绿肥，并接种AMF和DSE。试验设置4个处理：绿肥（L）；绿肥 + AMF（L + A）；绿肥 + DSE（L + D）；绿肥 + DSE + AMF（L + D + A）。
      结果  AMF和DSE可以同时定殖玉米植株；接种真菌处理均显著提高玉米株高与生物量，其中L + D处理效果最好，株高与干重的值分别为86.25 cm、41.893 g每盆。L + D处理较其它接菌处理对植物全氮、绿肥的利用效率促进作用最为显著，最大值分别为585.27 mg、76.50%，且L + D处理下土壤硝氮、铵氮含量、脲酶活性最高，分别为0.201 g kg−1、0.339 g kg−1以及81.51 μg kg 24 h−1。接种AMF处理土壤全氮含量均显著高于其不接种AMF处理，同时接种AMF和DSE对玉米生长产生一定程度抑制作用。
      结论  绿肥接种深色有隔内生真菌在植物生物量及营养利用等方面略好于接种丛枝菌根真菌，而双接菌处理需进一步研究证明协同或竞争关系。该结果为利用微生物技术提高绿肥在土壤中的利用效率及促进氮素的转化提供理论依据。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Green manure is used as a biological fertilizer. How to improve plant utilization efficiency of green manure and nitrogen (N) conversion efficiency after adding soil has always been a hot research topic. The fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was used as green manure and inoculated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) and dark septate endophytes (DSE), to improve plant utilization efficiency of green manure and promote N transformation.
      Methods  Under greenhouse conditions, corn (Zea mays L.) was used as the test plant, fresh alfalfa (Medicago sativa) was used as green manure inoculated with AMF and DSE. The experiment included 4 treatments: green manure (L); green manure + AMF (L + A); green manure + DSE (L + D); green manure + DSE + AMF (L + D + A).
      Results  AMF and DSE could simultaneously colonize maize plants. Both the inoculation fungus treatments significantly increased the plant height and dry weight of maize, and the L + D treatment had the best effect, with the plant height and biomass values of 86.25 cm and 41.893 g per pot, respectively. Compared with other inoculation treatments, L + D treatment had the most significant promoting effect on plant total N and green manure utilization efficiency, and the maximum values were 585.27 mg and 76.50%, respectively. And the soil nitrate N, ammonium N and urease activity were the highest under L + D treatment. Soil total N inoculated with AMF was significantly higher than that in the non-inoculated AMF treatment. Simultaneous inoculation of AMF and DSE has little inhibited on maize growth.
      Conclusion  L + D treatment is slightly better than L + A treatment in terms of plant biomass and nutrient utilization, while double inoculation treatment needs further research to prove the synergistic or competitive relationship. It provides a theoretical basis for improving the N utilization efficiency and promoting the N transformation in soil.

     

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