2000 ~ 2020年阿尔泰山土地利用与生态系统服务价值的动态变化

Dynamic Changes of Land Use and Ecosystem Services Value in Altai Mountains

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  分析阿尔泰山不同生态功能区土地利用与生态系统服务价值的变化动态，探索引起变化的原因，为阿尔泰山区域土地利用格局的优化及生态保护与修复措施的制定提供理论依据。
      方法  基于GlobeLand 30的遥感数据，结合土地利用转移矩阵、生态系统服务价值当量因子法，分析了2000 ~ 2020年间土地利用情况及生态系统服务价值的动态变化。
      结果  ① 草地和林地是阿尔泰山的主要土地利用类型，占到研究区总面积的80% 以上，且近20年来，这两种土地利用类型面积增加明显，分别增加了1156.42 km2和827.26 km2。② 研究区内共有6715.91 km2土地利用类型发生了改变，其中转出面积最多的是裸地，为2962.41 km2，主要转为草地（85.9%）和林地（11.3%）；转入面积最多的是草地，为3676.91 km2，主要来自于裸地（贡献率69.2%）和林地（贡献率30.0%）。③ 与2000年相比，2020年研究区内生态系统服务价值增长了10.47%，其中草地和林地生态系统服务价值增加值最大，分别增加了18.52 × 108元和20.03 × 108元。④ 近20年来各生态功能区生态系统服务价值均呈增加趋势，其中高山冰川与泰加林景观保护亚区（25.77 × 108元）和生物多样性保护与矿区修复亚区（9.07 × 108元）增加最为明显。各生态功能区中，高山冰川与泰加林景观保护亚区单位面积生态系统服务价值最高，两河源水源涵养生态亚区最低。
      结论  2000 ~ 2020年间，高山冰川与泰加林景观保护亚区及生物多样性保护与矿区修复亚区的生态系统服务价值的显著增加，促进了研究区内生态系统服务价值的增加，而林地和草地价值量的增加是引起两个生态功能区生态系统服务价值增加的主要原因。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  The dynamic of change in terms of land use and ecosystem services value in different ecological function zones needs to be investigated, in order to explore the driving factors and to provide theoretical basis for the optimization of land use pattern and ecological protection and restoration in Altai Mountains.
      Method  Based on the remote sensing data from GlobeLand 30, combined with land use transfer matrix and ecosystem service value equivalent factor method, the evolution of land use pattern and ecosystem services value were analyzed in different function zones in Altai Mountains during 2000 ~ 2020.
      Result  ① Grasslands and forestlands are major land utilization types, which occupied above 80% in total research area, and the two land utilization types increased significantly, with increasing 1156.42 km2 and 827.26 km2 respectively in recent 20 years. ② In total of 6715.91 km2 of the land utilization type in the research area had changed. The largest transferred area was bare land, accounting for 2962.41 km2, which was mainly converted to grassland (85.9%) and forestland (11.3%). The area transferred to grassland was the largest, with 3676.91 km2, mainly from bare land (69.2%) and forestland (30.0%). ③ Compared with 2000, the value of ecosystem services in the study area increased by 10.47% in 2020, of which grassland and forestland ecosystem services increased by 18.52 × 108 yuan and 20.03 × 108 yuan, respectively. ④ In recent 20 years, the ecosystem services value of every ecosystem function zone showed an increasing trend, and the most obvious increase was found in the alpine glacier and Tegarin landscape protection subregion (25.77 × 108 yuan) , and the biodiversity protection and mining restoration subregion (9.07 × 108 yuan). Among the ecological function zones, the ecosystem services value per unit area of alpine glacier and Tegarin landscape protection subregion was the highest, while the water conservation ecological subregion of the two river sources was the lowest.
      Conclusion  The ecosystem services values in alpine glacier and Tegarin landscape protection subregion, biodiversity protection and mining restoration subregion significantly increase from 2000 to 2020, and are caused by the increase of the ecosystem services value of forestlands and grasslands.

     

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