Abstract: “Black Soil Protection”, as a national strategy, was listed into China's the 14^th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives through 2035. Chinese Academy of Sciences signed a framework agreement of "Black Soil Granary" with the governments of Liaoning, Jilin and Heilongjiang provinces in Northeast China, to fight for black soil protection. At present, “Black Soil Protection” mainly focuses on soil organic matter, soil erosion, non-point source pollution, and conservation tillage. However, plastic film accumulation and pollution is becoming increasingly serious in black soils, which needs to be highly concerned. This paper summarized the current situation of plastic film application and pollution in Northeast China, influencing factors of plastic film pollution, effects of plastic film residues on agriculture in black soils. The future research directions for plastic film accumulation and pollution are: 1) to estimate the amount and distribution of plastic film residue accumulation in Northeast China; 2) to explicit the negative effect of plastic film residue on crop and vegetable safety; 3) to evaluate the effects of long-term plastic film application on soil heath. Current national "Black Soil Protection" should not overlook plastic film accumulation and pollution.