成都平原近40年来表层土壤全磷变化及其与农地利用方式转变的关系

Changes of Total Phosphorus in Topsoil and the Correlations with Agricultural Land-Use Change Across the Chengdu Plain During the Past 40 Years

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  掌握农地土壤全磷含量变化特征及其影响因素有助于合理制定田间磷肥管理措施和科学防控面源污染。
      方法  基于1980s第二次土壤普查时获得的160个样点数据和2016 ~ 2017 年采集分析获得的175个样点数据，采用一般统计和方差分析探讨了近40年来成都平原农地表层（0 ~ 20 cm）土壤全磷（P）含量变化特征及其与农利用方式转变和母质类型的关系。
      结果  结果表明，研究区农地表层土壤全磷含量从0.48 g kg−1增加到0.95 g kg−1，增加了97.92%（P < 0.01）。与1980s传统稻－麦/油轮作相比，2016 ~ 2017年稻－麦/油轮作、稻－蔬轮作和园林地土壤全磷含量分别增加了79.17%、150.00%和85.42%（P < 0.01）。不同母质类型上，更新统老冲积物发育的土壤全磷含量增幅最高，为147.06%（P < 0.01），其次分别是灰棕冲积物(115.56%，P<0.01)和灰色冲积物（81.82%，P < 0.01）。与传统稻－麦/油轮作相比，稻－蔬轮作下更新统老冲积物发育的土壤全磷累积量增幅（132.35%，P < 0.01）远高于灰棕冲积物（68.88%，P < 0.01）和灰色冲积物（49.09%，P < 0.01），而园林地只增加了更新统老冲积物发育土壤的全磷累积量增幅，降低了灰棕冲积物发育的土壤上全磷累积量增幅，对灰色冲积物发育的土壤则影响不大。
      结论  这表明，农地利用方式转变改变了研究区表层土壤全磷累积特征，但农地利用方式转变对表层土壤全磷累积的影响依赖于成土母质类型。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Understanding the dynamics of soil total phosphorus (TP) in agricultural land and its influencing factors is helpful to formulate rational management measures of field phosphorus fertilizer and scientifically prevent and control non-point source pollution.
      Method  Based on 160 soil samples obtained during the period of the Second Soil Survey and 175 soil samples collected in 2016 ~ 2017, this study used general statistics and variance analysis to investigate the TP dynamics in the topsoil (0-20 cm) of the agricultural land across the Chengdu Plain in the past 40 years and the correlations with agricultural land-use change and parent materials.
      Result  The results showed that TP contents in the surface soil significantly increased from 0.48 g kg−1 to 0.95 g kg−1, with an increase of 97.92%. Compared with the traditional rice-wheat/rapeseed rotation land in the 1980s, TP contents in rice-wheat/rapeseed rotation land, rice-vegetable rotation land and afforested land increased by 79.17%, 150.00% and 85.42% in 2016 ~ 2017, respectively. The increase of TP contents of soils formed from Q3 (Quaternary Pleistocene) old alluvium was the highest (147.06%), followed by Q4 (Quaternary Holocene) grey-brown alluvium (115.56%) and Q4 grey alluvium (81.82%). Compared with the traditional rice-wheat/rapeseed rotations, soils formed from Q3 old alluvium (132.35%) showed a much higher increase of TP accumulation than those of soils formed from Q4 grey-brown alluvium (115.56%) and Q4 grey alluvium (81.82%) for rice-vegetable rotations; whereas, afforestation only led to the increase of TP accumulation in soils formed from Q3 old alluvium, decreased TP content in soils formed from Q4 grey-brown alluvium, and caused unobvious change of TP contents in soils formed from Q4 grey alluvium.
      Conclusion  The results indicated that the change of agricultural land use had altered the characteristics of soil phosphorus accumulation, but it’s effect on topsoil TP accumulation depended on the type of parent material.

     

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