添加紫云英和水稻秸秆对土壤养分含量和铜形态的影响

Effects of Chinese Milk Vetch and Rice Straw on the Soil Nutrients and the Copper Forms

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  通过分析紫云英（Astragalus sinicus L.）、水稻秸秆对轻度铜污染土壤的主要养分含量以及铜的有效性和各形态的影响，为紫云英、水稻秸秆腐解还田治理轻度铜污染的稻田土壤提供相应的理论支撑。
      方法  采用室内培养的方法，设置5个处理，分别为不添加任何有机物料（CK）、添加水稻秸秆（R）、紫云英（G）、水稻秸秆和紫云英质量比3∶1（R3G1）、水稻秸秆和紫云英质量比1∶1（R1G1）。
      结果  添加紫云英和水稻秸秆，显著提高主要土壤养分含量。添加紫云英（G）处理土壤全氮和有效磷含量比添加水稻（R）处理分别提高了26.92%和11.46%。添加紫云英（G）处理显著提高土壤可溶性有机氮（P < 0.05），分别比R3G1和R1G1处理增加8.40%和20.47%。添加水稻秸秆和紫云英（R3G1）处理有助于提高土壤可溶性有机碳（P < 0.05），分别比单独添加水稻秸秆（R）和紫云英（G）处理增加32.81%和15.94%（P < 0.05）。无论添加紫云英、水稻秸秆以及二者共同添加均显著降低了土壤有效态铜含量，R3G1和R1G1处理土壤有效态Cu含量显著低于单独添加紫云英（G）和水稻秸秆（R）处理（P < 0.05）。添加有机物料（紫云英、水稻秸秆）均使土壤弱酸提取态铜含量显著降低15.45% ~ 23.19%，使土壤残渣态铜含量提高6.08% ~ 11.39%；R3G1处理土壤残渣态铜含量最高，显著高于G和R1G1处理（P < 0.05）。通过冗余分析认为可溶性有机磷和可溶性有机氮与铜有效性和弱酸提取态呈负相关关系，对铜有效性和形态的解释量分别达到61.5%和23.3%。
      结论  紫云英和水稻秸秆单独和混合添加到土壤均有助于提高主要土壤养分含量，同时也均能降低土壤有效铜含量，提高铜的稳定性，其中添加水稻秸秆与紫云英质量比为3∶1对铜的稳定效果最佳。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  The effects of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus L.) and rice straw on the availability and the forms of copper (Cu) were studied in order to afford the theoretical support for the remediation of slight Cu contaminated paddy soil by the addition of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw.
      Method  An in-lab experiment was conducted with five treatments: control (CK), rice straw (R), Chinese milk vetch only (G), Chinese milk vetch and rice straw with the mass ratio 3∶1 (R3G1), and the mass ratio 1∶1 (R1G1).
      Result  The results were shown that the application of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw enhanced the soil fertility significantly. The total nitrogen (N) and available phosphorus (P) of G treatment were increased by 26.92% and 11.46%, respectively. The contents of dissolved organic N (DON) of G treatment were increased by 8.40% and 20.47% than those of R3G1 and R1G1, respectively. The dissolved organic carbon (DOC) of R3G1 was higher by 32.81% and 15.94% than that of the treatments of R and G, respectively. All of the addition of Chinese milk vetch or/and rice straw decreased the content of the available Cu by 28.46% ~ 51.03% significantly. The available Cu were decreased with the increase of relative amount of rice straw. The contents of acid-extractable Cu were deceased by 15.45% ~ 23.19% and the contents of residual Cu were increased by 6.08% ~ 11.39% with the addition of Chinese milk vetch and rice straw compared with CK. The content of the residual Cu of R3G1 was higher than of G and R1G1 by 4.98% ~ 5.01% and the increase of relative amount of rice straw increased the content of the residual Cu. There were significant negative correlation among DOP, DON and the available Cu and the acid-extractable Cu. The amount of explanations of DOP and DON for the availability and the forms of Cu were 61.5% and 23.3%, respectively.
      Conclusion  In conclusion, the paddy soil fertility was improved with the application of Chinese milk vetch and/or rice straw. The availability and the forms of Cu were influenced by DOP and DON. The mass ratio of rice straw and Chinese milk vetch with 3∶1 had better effects on the stability of Cu.

     

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