Spatio-temporal Evolution of Habitat Quality Based on the Land-use Changes in Shandong Province
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摘要:
目的 厘清近20年山东省生境质量演变特征，明确土地利用变化对生境质量的影响。 方法 运用InVEST模型、GIS空间分析方法分析了2000 ~ 2018年山东省生境质量的时空演变特征。 结果 研究表明：（1）2000 ~ 2018年山东省生境质量整体处于中级水平且空间差异显著，总体呈现中东部高、西部低的空间格局；较低及以下等级生境质量区趋于沿湖、沿海地区及城市市区集中分布，较高及以上等级生境质量区呈现山地、丘陵集聚特征。（2）生境质量指数从0.558下降到0.538，生境质量级差化特征明显，生境质量提升区趋于济南、淄博、潍坊、青岛、临沂等城市边缘区集中分布，生境质量退化区集聚于滨州、东营、潍坊市沿海地区。 结论 山东省生境质量时空变化受土地利用变化影响显著，生境质量提升区主要发生在耕地向林地、草地转化以及未利用地向林地、水域、草地转化地区。 Abstract:Objective The relationship between land-use changes and regional habitat quality is an important issue in land science. The impact of land use changes on habitat quality was revealed in this study to provide reference for the construction of regional ecological civilization and territorial ecological security pattern. Method Taking Shandong Province as an example, based on remote images, this article explored the spatial and temporal evolution characteristics of habitat quality in Shandong during 2000-2018 with the methods of InVEST model and spatial analysis with GIS. In this study, the habitat quality was divided into five level, including the highest, higher, moderate, lower and lowest. Result The results showed that: (1) The overall habitat quality of Shandong Province was at moderate level, where there were significant spatial differences during 2000-2018. It presented a spatial pattern of high in central and eastern regions and low in western regions. Habitat quality areas of the lowest and lower grades tended to be mainly distributed in the regions along lakes and coastal areas as well as urban fringe areas, while habitat quality areas of the highest and higher grades appeared the characteristics of mountainous and hilly agglomeration. The areas with Habitat quality of grade IV and V were mainly distributed in eastern peninsula region and central mountainous and hilly areas. What is more, habitat quality areas with moderate level were widely distributed throughout the province, which were most concentrated in the western and northern plains. (2) Habitat quality indices decreased from 0.558 to 0.538 in Shandong Province during 2000-2018, and there was relative significant disparity with different habitat quality levels. The changes of habitat quality mainly showed the expansion of habitat quality areas with the lowest and highest levels and degradation of habitat quality areas with lower, higher and moderate levels. The improvement areas of habitat quality mainly occurred in the urban fringe areas of Jinan, Zibo, Weifang, Qingdao, Linyi City and so on, while the degradation areas were mainly located in the coastal areas of Binzhou, Dongying and Weifang. Conclusion The spatial and temporal changes of habitat quality in Shandong are significantly affected by land use changes. The habitat quality of farmland, forestland and construction land appears a degradation trend, while the habitat quality of grassland, water area and unused land is continuously improved. The habitat quality improvement areas mainly occur in the conversion of farmland to forest land and grassland, as well as the conversion of unused land to forestland, water area and grassland. These results will provide references for the construction of regional ecological civilization and territorial ecological security pattern. -
Key words:
- Land use change /
- Habitat quality /
- Spatio-temporal differentiation /
- Shandong Province
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图 1 山东省行政区划及海拔高程图
Figure 1. Administrative division of Shandong Province and its altitude elevation
图 2 2000 ~ 2018年山东省土地利用类型的转换变化
Figure 2. Transitions of land use types in Shandong Province during 2000 ~ 2018
图 3 2000 ~ 2018 年山东省生境质量空间分布
Figure 3. Spatial distribution of habitat quality in Shandong Province during 2000 ~ 2018
图 4 2000 ~ 2018年山东省生境质量变化
Figure 4. Changes of habitat quality in Shandong Province during 2000-2018
表 1 威胁因子影响范围及权重
Table 1. Range and weight of the threats affecting habitat quality
威胁因子
Threat factor最大胁迫距离 (km)
Maximum influence distance权重
Weight衰退类型
Attenuation耕地 4 0.70 指数 建设用地 8 1.00 指数 高速公路 2 0.80 线性 国道 6 1.00 线性 省道 4 0.85 线性 铁路 2 0.80 线性 
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表 2 生境类型对威胁因子的敏感度
Table 2. Sensitivity of habitat types to each threat factor
土地利用类型
Land use type生境适宜度
Habitat suitability耕地
Farmland建设用地
Construction land高速公路
Highway国道
National road省道
Provincial road铁路
Railway耕地 0.40 0.25 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.40 0.30 林地 1.00 0.70 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.75 草地 1.00 0.70 0.75 0.80 0.80 0.80 0.75 水域 0.80 0.65 0.70 0.65 0.65 0.65 0.60 未利用地 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00 0.00
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表 3 2000 ~ 2018年山东省土地利用转移概率
Table 3. Land use transfer probability in Shandong Province during 2000 ~ 2018
年份
Year土地利用类型
Land use type2010年土地利用类型转移概率(%)
Land use transfer probability in 2010耕地
Farmland林地
Forestland草地
Grassland水域
Water area建设用地
Construction land未利用地
Unused land2000年 耕地 97.42 0.02 0 0.38 2.16 0.02 林地 0.07 99.42 0 0.13 0.38 0 草地 3.44 0.12 94.22 1.04 0.91 0.28 水域 1.04 0.02 0.81 94.47 3.22 0.43 建设用地 0.10 0 0 0.14 99.75 0.01 未利用地 8.86 0.01 0.17 3.39 15.08 72.49 年份
Year土地利用类型
Land use type2018年土地利用类型转移概率(%)
Land use transfer probability in 2018耕地
Farmland林地
Forestland草地
Grassland水域
Water area建设用地
Construction land未利用地
Unused land2010年 耕地 88.63 0.23 0.28 1.39 9.18 0.30 林地 9.27 86.33 0.87 0.60 2.67 0.26 草地 27.44 1.38 61.23 2.65 5.74 1.56 水域 9.94 0.30 0.98 75.74 10.26 2.78 建设用地 5.86 0.14 0.42 1.45 91.87 0.26 未利用地 43.19 0.52 2.58 22.49 14.64 16.57
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表 4 2000 ~ 2018年山东省生境质量变化
Table 4. Changes of habitat quality in Shandong Province during 2000-2018
等级
Grade2000年
In 20002018年
In 20182000 ~ 2018年变化
Changes during 2000-2018面积(km2)
Area比例(%)
Proportion面积(km2)
Area比例(%)
Proportion面积(km2)
Area比例(%)
ProportionⅠ 19983.00 13.67 25781.25 17.64 5798.25 29.02 Ⅱ 1904.75 1.30 1210.00 0.83 −694.75 −36.47 Ⅲ 101274.00 69.28 97290.75 66.58 −3983.25 −3.93 Ⅳ 10042.50 6.87 6700.50 4.59 −3342.00 −33.28 Ⅴ 12980.50 8.88 15148.75 10.37 2168.25 16.70
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表 5 土地利用变化对生境质量的影响
Table 5. Impact of land use change on habitat quality
土地利用类型
Land use type生境质量等级
Grade of habitat qualityⅠ Ⅱ Ⅲ Ⅳ Ⅴ 耕地 1962.50 −660.25 −3925.50 −1038.75 489.50 林地 79.00 −10.00 −418.25 −110.00 −440.50 草地 −103.75 −22.50 −2177.00 −2235.75 −144.50 水域 194.75 −10.50 208.00 −43.25 1989.25 建设用地 4711.75 −40.25 2407.25 −9.25 368.00 未利用地 −827.50 −11.75 −166.50 −48.00 29.00
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