穴施生物炭对烤烟根区土壤生物学性质的影响

李彩斌; 王琛; 康俊; 郭丰磊; 何轶; 罗贞宝; 王兴; 李贵桐

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021091302

穴施生物炭对烤烟根区土壤生物学性质的影响

Effects of Biochar Application at Root Zone on Soil Biological Properties in Flue-cured Tobacco Field

摘要

摘要:
目的为探明生物炭与根系分泌物尼古丁相互作用在烟草栽培过程中对根区土壤生物活性的影响，在毕节市烟草公司七星关何田科技园开展施用不同用量生物炭的田间对比试验。
方法试验设置CK（0 kg 667 m⁻²生物炭）、T10（10 kg 667 m⁻²生物炭）、T20（20 kg 667 m⁻²生物炭）、T40（40 kg 667 m⁻²生物炭）和T80（80 kg 667 m⁻²生物炭）五个处理。采用常规方法测定铵态氮（NH₄⁺−N）、硝态氮（NO₃⁻−N）、热水浸提有机氮（HWON）、中等稳定性有机氮（6 M盐酸水解氮，a-ON）、微生物量碳（MBC）、微生物量氮（MBN）、土壤FDA水解酶活性、土壤基础呼吸（SBR）和土壤可矿化N量（MinN）。
结果 ①生物炭处理降低了土壤FDA水解酶活性，T40与T80处理与CK相比显著下降了33% ~ 55%，与其他处理无显著差异，总体表现为生物炭用量越大，土壤FDA水解活性降低得越大。②土壤基础呼吸（SBR）随着生物炭用量的增加逐渐增强，T40和T80处理比CK处理提高约33%。③土壤外源葡萄糖呼吸方面，T40与T80处理较其它处理显著提高了土壤外源葡萄糖呼吸（P < 0.05），但加入尼古丁后，所有添加生物炭处理的土壤外源葡萄糖呼吸均显著低于CK处理（P < 0.05）。④与单施生物炭相比，添加尼古丁能够刺激土壤氮的矿化，但高量（T80）生物炭会抵消尼古丁的影响效果。
结论适量施用生物炭可能会降低烤烟根区土壤FDA水解酶活性，提高土壤基础呼吸与氮素矿化潜力。尼古丁则降低了添加生物炭土壤的外源葡萄糖呼吸，提高了土壤氮的矿化潜力，但高量生物炭会减弱尼古丁对土壤的影响。

Abstract:
Objective The purpose of this paper was to investigate the effect of biochar and its interaction with root exudate nicotine on the physiological activity of root zone soil during tobacco cultivation. Field comparative experiments with different application amounts of biochar in Qixingguan Tobacco Station of Bijie Tobacco Company was set up.
Method Based this experiment, different amounts of biochar, such as CK (0 kg 667 m⁻² biochar), T10 (10 kg 667 m⁻² biochar), T20 (20 kg 667 m⁻² biochar), T40 (40 kg 667 m⁻² biochar) and T80 (80 kg 667 m⁻² biochar) were applied in the farmland to investigate their influences on soil biological properties of flue-cured tobacco root zone. Ammonium nitrogen (NH₄⁺−N), nitrate nitrogen (NO₃⁻−N), hot water extracted organic nitrogen (HWON), moderately stable organic N (6 M HCl hydrolyzed nitrogen, a-ON), microbial biomass carbon (MBC), microbial biomass nitrogen (MBN), microbial hydrolysis activity (FDA activity), soil basal respiration (SBR) and soil mineralizable N quantity (MinN) were determined by conventional methods.
Result ① The soil FDA activity was reduced in the biochar-amended soil. Compared to CK, the T40 and T80 treatments showed a significant decrease of 33% ~ 55%, and there was no significant difference with other treatments. Overall, the greater the amount of biochar used, the greater the reduction in biological activity. ② Compared to the CK treatment, soil basal respiration (SBR) was gradually enhanced with increasing biochar dosage and increased by about 33% in the T40 and T80 treatments. ③ For soil respiration, compared to adding only glucose, the soil respiration rate was lower after adding both glucose and nicotine, however, soil basal respiration remained the same for all treatments and was significantly lower than the CK treatment (P < 0.05). ④ Compared with the treatment of biochar alone, nicotine could stimulate the mineralization of soil N, but high amount of biochar (T80) could counteract the effect of nicotine.
Conclusion Appropriate application of biochar may reduce the overall soil microbial activity in the root zone of tobacco plants and increase the basal respiration and nitrogen mineralization potential of the soil, while nicotine will reduce the glucose respiration and increase the mineralization potential of biochar-added soils, conversely. However, the effects of nicotine secreted by the root zone on the soil will be inhibited by hight levels of biochar. by biochar.

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