有机无机肥配施对日光温室番茄连作土壤微生物的影响

徐赛; 杨延杰; 圣亚男; 王浩恺

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021092602

有机无机肥配施对日光温室番茄连作土壤微生物的影响

doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021092602

青岛农业大学园艺学院，山东青岛 266109

基金项目: 年度中央引导地方科技发展资金项目（YDZX20193700004393），2019年山东省重点研发计划项目（2019GSF109010）和山东省农业科技基金（园区产业提升工程）项目（2019YQ018）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
徐赛：徐　赛（1997−），男，山东菏泽，在读硕士，主要研究菇渣发酵蔬菜栽培基质化方向。E-mail: 1312849795@qq.com

通讯作者:
E-mail: yangyanjie72@163.com

中图分类号: S626.5
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-09-28
- 录用日期: 2022-03-24
- 修回日期: 2022-03-22
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-17

Effects of Combined Application of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Soil Microorganisms in Continuous Cropping in Solar Greenhouse

College of Horticulture, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China

摘要

摘要: 目的为解决日光温室番茄连作障碍，必须弄清有机无机肥配施对番茄连作土壤微生物的影响。方法试验共设置6个处理，分别为不施肥（CK）、20%有机肥 + 80%化肥（M20C80）、40%有机肥 + 60%化肥（M40C60）、60%有机肥 + 40%化肥（M60C40）、80%有机肥 + 20%化肥（M80C20）、100%有机肥 + 0%化肥（M100）。测定了连作土壤理化性质、细菌和真菌的微生物群落结构、物种组成和丰度等相关指标。结果 M40C60处理使连作土壤孔隙度在54.38% ~ 55.61%，pH维持在7.19 ~ 7.22，有机质和速效钾含量分别维持在49.70 ~ 59.21 g kg⁻¹和536.1 ~ 605.5 mg kg⁻¹的中等水平，速效磷含量则维持在680.4 ~ 783.0 mg kg⁻¹的高水平。增施有机肥，可以改善土壤微生物群落组成，分别提高芽孢杆菌（Bacillus）、土胞杆菌（Terrisporbacter）、链霉菌（Streptomyces）以及头束霉菌（Cephalotrichum）等有益菌群落相对丰度0.86%、0.60%、0.12%和47.82%，降低变形菌（Proteobacteria）酸杆菌（Acidobacteriota）等有害菌群落相对丰度3.47%和1.74%。结论增施有机肥改善番茄连作土壤的基础理化性质，保持土壤中的养分含量。同时有益于微生物群落演替，维持或提高有益菌群的丰度，抑制或降低有害菌群的丰度，使连作土壤维持在一个较稳定的微生物群落结构。减少番茄连作土壤病害的发生，维持良好的土壤状态。
- 日光温室 /
- 番茄 /
- 有机无机肥配施 /
- 微生物群落 /
Abstract: Objective In order to solve the obstacles of tomato continuous cropping in solar greenhouse, the effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil microorganisms of tomato continuous cropping were studied. Method Six treatments were set up: no fertilization (CK), 20% organic fertilizer + 80% chemical fertilizer (M20C80), 40% organic fertilizer + 60% chemical fertilizer (M40C60), 60% organic fertilizer + 40% chemical fertilizer (M60C40), 80% organic fertilizer + 20% chemical fertilizer (M80C20),100% organic fertilizer + 0% chemical fertilizer (M100). The physical and chemical properties of soil, microbial community structure, species composition and abundance of bacteria and fungi were measured. Results The results showed that M40C60 maintained the soil porosity at 54.38%-55.61%, pH at 7.19-7.22, the contents of organic matter and available potassium at 49.70-59.21 g kg⁻¹ and 536.08-605.49 mg kg⁻¹, respectively, and the content of available phosphorus at 680.41-782.96 mg kg⁻¹. Increasing the application of organic fertilizer improved the composition of soil microbial community, and increased the relative abundance of beneficial bacterial communities, such as Bacillus, Terrisporbacter, Streptomyces and Cephalotrichum by 0.86%, 0.60%, 0.12% and 47.82%, respectively. The relative abundance of harmful bacterial communities such as Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota was reduced by 3.47% and 1.74%. Conclusions Increasing the application of organic fertilizer is beneficial to improve the soil physical and chemical properties under tomato continuous cropping, to maintain the nutrient contents at the same time. It is beneficial to the succession of microbial community, maintain or improve the abundance of beneficial flora, inhibit or reduce the abundance of harmful flora, maintain the continuous cropping soil in a relatively stable microbial community structure and reduce the occurrence of soil diseases under tomato continuous cropping, maintain good soil condition.
- Solar greenhouse /
- Tomato /
- Combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers /
- Continuous cropping /
- Microbial community

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图 1 有机无机肥配施对日光温室土壤细菌总OTU丰度的影响

Figure 1. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on total OTU abundance of soil bacteria in solar greenhouse

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图 2 有机无机肥配施对日光温室土壤细菌群落组成的影响

Figure 2. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil bacterial community composition in solar greenhouse

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图 3 有机无机肥配施对日光温室土壤真菌总OTU丰度的影响

Figure 3. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on total OTU abundance of soil bacteria in solar greenhouse

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图 4 有机无机肥配施对日光温室土壤真菌群落组成的影响

Figure 4. Effects of combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizers on soil fungal community composition in solar greenhouse

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图 5 土壤微生物群落结构与土壤环境因子的RDA分析

BD、PV、AP、AK、TN、TP、OM、C_N、EC 和 pH 分别指土壤容重、孔隙度、速效磷、速效钾、全氮、全磷、有机质、碳氮比、可溶性盐离子浓度和 pH 值；图（a）表示不同施肥处理土壤细菌群落结构与环境因子的RDA分析，图（b）表示不同施肥处理土壤真菌群落结构与土壤环境因子的RDA分析。

Figure 5. The RDA analysis of soil microbial community structure and soil environmental factors

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表 1 供试土壤基础理化性质

Table 1. Physical and chemical properties of tested soil

土壤质地 Soil texture	容重 Bulk density (g cm⁻³)	孔隙度 Porosity (%)	pH	EC （mS cm⁻¹）	有机质 Organic matter (g kg⁻¹)	全氮 Total N （g kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available P （mg kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available K （mg kg⁻¹)
砂壤土	1.29 ± 0.01	51.10 ± 0.39	7.50 ± 0.01	1.31 ± 0.01	40.98 ± 0.60	2.29 ± 0.02	121.13 ± 0.05	161.08 ± 1.55

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表 2 有机无机肥配施处理施肥量

Table 2. The amounts of organic and inorganic fertilizer applications

处理 Treatment	有机肥(kg hm⁻²) Organic manure	化肥(kg hm⁻²) Chemical fertilizer	总养分(N-P₂O₅−K₂O， kg hm⁻²) Total nutrient
CK	0	0	0
M20C80	5785.7	3240.0	607.5-347.3-816.9
M40C60	11571.3	2430.0
M60C40	17357.0	1620.0
M80C20	23142.6	810.0
M100	28928.3	−

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表 3 日光温室连作土壤基础理化性质

Table 3. Physical and chemical properties of continuous cropping soil in solar greenhouse

处理 Treatment	茬口 Stubble	容重 Bulk density (g cm⁻³)	孔隙度 Porosity (%)	pH	EC (mS cm⁻¹)	有机质 Organic matter （g kg⁻¹）	全氮 Total N (g kg⁻¹)	速效磷 Available P (mg kg⁻¹)	速效钾 Available K (g kg⁻¹)
CK	2019S	1.30 a	50.06 kl	7.50 c	1.05 hi	38.8 i	1.63 j	183.18 j	162.20 j
	2019A	1.31 a	49.70 l	7.63 b	1.03 i	31.72 j	1.84 i	132.71 k	110.55 k
	2020S	1.31 a	49.29 l	7.74 a	1.02 i	29.72 j	2.22 h	112.99 k	96.01 k

M20C80	2019S	1.24 b	51.66 ijk	7.45 cd	1.06 hi	43.3 h	2.29 h	582.68 de	438.91 i
	2019A	1.22 b	51.09 jkl	7.43 cde	1.07 gh	44.43 h	2.32 h	608.16 d	466.40 hi
	2020S	1.23 b	52.48 hij	7.40 d	1.10 fgh	48.08 g	2.35 h	668.36 c	488.35 h

M40C60	2019S	1.15 c	53.45 ghi	7.33 e	1.10 fgh	49.70 g	2.54 g	680.41 c	536.08 g
	2019A	1.15 c	54.38 fgh	7.22 fg	1.12 f	54.92 f	2.74 f	736.69 b	569.23 fg
	2020S	1.12 cde	55.61 cdef	7.19 fg	1.18 e	59.21 de	2.84 ef	782.96 a	605.49 de

M60C40	2019S	1.15 c	54.91 efg	7.32 e	1.18 e	53.7 f	2.94 de	477.95 g	585.19 ef
	2019A	1.13 cd	54.94 efg	7.24 f	1.19 e	60.66 d	3.03 cd	559.33 e	623.68 d
	2020S	1.09 f	56.63 bcde	7.19 g	1.23 d	63.96 bc	3.08 bcd	655.75 c	661.72 c

M80C20	2019S	1.13 cd	55.11 defg	7.35 e	1.28 c	56.49 ef	3.16 abc	421.96 h	621.70 d
	2019A	1.11 def	57.00 abcd	7.2 g	1.33 ab	61.85 cd	3.2 ab	503.67 fg	669.77 bc
	2020S	1.09 f	57.49 abc	7.16 gh	1.29 bc	64.97 ab	3.2 ab	609.41 d	712.43 a

M100	2019S	1.10 ef	56.58 bcde	7.30 ef	1.31 abc	56.51 ef	3.21 ab	416.84 h	626.39 d
	2019A	1.09 f	58.07 ab	7.12 h	1.34 a	64.52 bc	3.24 ab	384.35 i	720.12 a
	2020S	1.05 g	58.69 a	7.12 h	1.35 a	67.91 a	3.27 a	511.97 f	697.42 ab
注：表中同列不同小写字母表示不同处理间差异达 P < 0.05显著水平。

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