有机培肥对连作花生土壤肥力及活性有机碳库的影响

Effect of Organic Fertilizer on Soil Fertility and Active Organic Carbon Pool in Monocultured Peanut Fields

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  针对花生连作及化肥滥用导致土壤肥力下降、土壤碳库失衡等问题，开展有机培肥改善连作花生田土壤质量研究。
      方法  实验选取连作5年的花生田建立四个完全随机区组，设置蚯蚓粪配施化肥（VM）、“NMM”菌肥配施化肥（BF）、单施化肥（CF）和无施入对照（CK）四个处理，在花生结荚期取样并比较土壤综合肥力指数、土壤活性有机碳含量及有效率、土壤碳库管理指数的变化。
      结果  与CK和CF相比，有机培肥显著提高了土壤综合肥力指数、土壤有机碳及易氧化有机碳、微生物生物量碳、可矿化有机碳含量和碳库管理指数（P < 0.05），其中VM处理效果最佳；有机培肥土壤微生物生物量碳、可矿化有机碳和可溶性有机碳有效率较CK和CF显著降低。冗余分析和相关性分析表明有机培肥与土壤总有机碳及各活性有机碳含量显著正相关，与除了易氧化有机碳有效率以外的其他土壤活性有机碳有效率呈负相关；碳库管理指数与易氧化有机碳、微生物量碳、可溶性有机碳、可矿化有机碳显著（P < 0.05）或极显著（P < 0.01）正相关。
      结论  合理有机培肥能够提高土壤活性有机碳含量，同时有助于土壤非活性有机碳的积累。有机培肥对提高连作花生田土壤综合肥力和土壤碳库储量、缓解连作障碍有显著作用。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  It aims to provide a theoretical basis for improving the soil quality with organic fertilizers in view of the problems of soil fertility decline and soil carbon (C) pool imbalance caused by continuous cropping of peanuts and application of chemical fertilizers.
      Method  Four completely random block groups were established in monocultured peanut fields which had been continuously cropped for 5 years. Four treatments were carried out with earthworm feces-combined with chemical fertilizer (VM), "NMM" bacterial fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer (BF), chemical fertilizer alone (CF) and control without fertilizer (CK). The effects of four treatments on soil integrated fertility Index (IFI), soil active organic C content and efficiency, and C pool management indices were compared at the pod forming stage of peanut.
      Result  The results showed that organic fertilizer significantly improved soil integrated fertility index (IFI), the contents of soil total organic C (TOC), easily oxidizable organic C (ROC), microbial biomass C (MBC), mineralizable organic C (MOC), and soil C pool management index (CPMI) with the most significant effect in the VM treatment (P < 0.05). The effective rates of MBC, MOC and DOC in organic fertilizer treatment were significantly lower compared with CK and CF. Redundancy and correlation analysis showed that organic fertilizer was significantly positively correlated with the contents of TOC and each soil active organic C, and was negatively correlated with the effective rate of soil active C components except ROC. CPMI was significantly (P < 0.05) or extremely significantly (P < 0.01) positively correlated with ROC, MBC, DOC and MOC.
      Conclusion  The reasonable organic fertilizer can not only increase the content of soil active C, but also contribute to the accumulation of inactive organic C. Organic fertilization is of great significance to the improvement of soil integrated fertility and soil C storage capacity in continuous cropping peanut fields and alleviate the obstacles in continuous cropping.

     

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