生物炭对盐胁迫下黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性和矿质元素累积的影响

张功臣; 秦玉红; 王波; 展恩军; 李磊; 张守才

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021102204

生物炭对盐胁迫下黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性和矿质元素累积的影响

doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021102204

青岛市农业科学研究院，山东青岛 266100

基金项目: 青岛市科技惠民示范引导专项（21-1-4-ny-15-nsh）和财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系项目（CARS-23-G10）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
张功臣（1986−），男，山东青岛人，博士，副研究员，主要从事设施蔬菜栽培研究。E-mail: gczhangnky@163.com

通讯作者:
E-mail: zsc403@163.com

中图分类号: S642.2
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-22
- 录用日期: 2022-03-31
- 修回日期: 2022-03-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-17

Effects of Biochar on the Antioxidant Enzyme Activities and Mineral Element Contents In Cucumber Leaves under Salt Stress

Qingdao academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266100, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究生物炭对盐胁迫下设施黄瓜生长和生理特性的影响。方法以设施黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）专用品种‘翠龙’为试验材料，开展温室盆栽试验，设非盐胁迫和盐胁迫下栽培基质（草炭∶蛭石 = 2∶1）中添加0%（B0，w/w）、3%（B3）和5%（B5）的花生壳炭共6个处理，调查黄瓜的生长、产量、品质、叶片抗氧化酶活性以及矿质元素含量等指标。结果生物炭施用可明显提高黄瓜的耐盐性，在NaCl胁迫下，B5处理黄瓜的株高、最大单叶叶面积、产量和抗坏血酸含量均显著高于不施生物炭处理，且B3和B5处理的黄瓜果实硝酸盐含量在非盐胁迫和盐胁迫下均显著低于对照。盐胁迫下，春、秋两季栽培试验中B5处理黄瓜产量分别为对照处理的2.97倍和2.57倍。生物炭处理使黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性在盐胁迫下维持较高水平，特别是B5处理黄瓜植株叶片超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）活性与对照相比显著增加而丙二醛（MDA）含量与对照相比显著降低。盐胁迫下，生物炭处理黄瓜顶部叶片中氮和钾的含量与对照相比显著升高，磷、钠、钙和镁的含量与对照相比显著降低；而在底部叶片中除钠含量显著高于对照外，其他元素的含量在不同生物炭施用量间存在差异。结论基质中添加适量的生物炭促进盐胁迫下黄瓜生长，增强抗氧化酶活性，促进氮和钾在顶部叶片的累积，减少钠的累积，缓解盐胁迫对黄瓜的伤害，且以添加5%生物炭处理效果较好。
- 生物炭 /
- 黄瓜 /
- 盐胁迫 /
- 抗氧化酶活性 /
- 矿质营养元素
Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to explore the effects of biochar application on the growth and physiological characteristics of cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) under salt stress. Method Pot experiments were conducted using the greenhouse cultivar ‘Cuilong’. Peanut shell biochar with mass ratios of 0% (B0), 3% (B3) and 5% (B5) was added to the cultivation substrate (peat∶vermiculite = 2∶1) with or without 150 mmol L⁻¹ NaCl, respectively. The cucumber growth, yield, fruit quality, antioxidant enzyme activity and leaf mineral nutrient content were investigated. Result Results showed that biochar application could significantly improve the salt tolerance of cucumber. Under NaCl stress, the plant height, maximum single leaf area, yield and ascorbic acid content of cucumber treated with B5 were significantly higher than those without biochar treatment, and the nitrate content of cucumber fruit treated with B3 and B5 was significantly lower than that of the control under both non-salt stressed and salt stressed treatments. The cucumber yields of B5 treatment in the spring and autumn cultivation experiments were 2.97 times and 2.57 times than those of the control treatment under salt stress, respectively. Higher levels of antioxidant enzyme activity were observed in biochar-treated cucumber leaves under salt stress. The activities of SOD and POD in cucumber leaves of B5 treatment were significantly higher compared with those in the control, while the content of MDA was significantly lower. Under salt stress, the contents of N and K⁺ in the top leaves of biochar-treated cucumber were significantly higher compared with those in the control, while the contents of P, Na⁺, Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ were significantly lower. In the bottom leaves, the change of the nutrient elements content was related to the biochar application rates, except for the Na⁺ content which was significantly higher in the bottom leaves than that of the control. Conclusion Appropriate biochar application to the substrate can alleviate the salt stress of cucumber, evidenced by enhanced growth performance, antioxidant enzyme activities, and higher N and K⁺ accumulation coupled with lower Na⁺ accumulation in the top leaves. The application of 5% biochar is recommended for substrate amendment to alleviate the salt stress in greenhouse cucumber production.
- Biochar /
- Cucumber /
- Salt stress /
- Antioxidant enzyme activity /
- Mineral nutrient element

HTML全文

图 1 生物炭对非盐胁迫和盐胁迫条件下基质栽培黄瓜果实品质的影响

柱上方不同小写字母和大写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05），下同。

Figure 1. Effects of biochar on the quality of cucumber fruits without or with NaCl treatment under substrate cultivation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 生物炭对盐胁迫条件下基质栽培黄瓜叶片抗氧化酶活性和MDA含量的影响

Figure 2. Effects of biochar on the antioxidant enzyme activity and MDA content in cucumber leaves with NaCl under substrate cultivation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 生物炭对非盐胁迫和盐胁迫条件下基质栽培黄瓜叶片矿质元素含量的影响

顶部叶片表示从植株主蔓顶部数第四片完全展开真叶；底部叶片表示从植株主蔓底部数第四片真叶。

Figure 3. Effects of biochar on the mineral element content in cucumber leaves with NaCl under substrate cultivation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 生物炭施用对盐胁迫条件下黄瓜生长的影响

Table 1. Effect of biochar on the growth of cucumber with NaCl treatment

处理 Treatment		株高(cm) Plant height	叶片数 Number of leaves	茎粗(mm) Stem diameter	最大单叶叶面积(cm²) Maximum single leaf area
NaCl	生物炭 Biochar	株高(cm) Plant height	叶片数 Number of leaves	茎粗(mm) Stem diameter	最大单叶叶面积(cm²) Maximum single leaf area
0 mmol L⁻¹	B0	135.67 ± 8.81 a	12.67 ± 0.75 a	8.45 ± 0.43 a	462.90 ± 46.80 a
	B3	129.33 ± 5.55 a	12.38 ± 0.53 a	8.36 ± 0.41a	450.63 ± 38.53 a
	B5	136.25 ± 7.61 a	12.58 ± 0.36 a	8.23 ± 0.43a	454.65 ± 54.02 a

150 mmol L⁻¹	B0	100.92 ± 12.49 d	10.38 ± 0.93 b	6.97 ± 0.52 b	312.74 ± 51.90 c
	B3	103.82 ± 6.72 cd	10.68 ± 0.40 b	6.88 ± 0.44 b	336.87 ± 37.19 bc
	B5	109.92 ± 10.06 b	10.63 ± 0.83 b	7.00 ± 0.60 b	354.94 ± 42.48 b
注：同一列中不同的小写字母表示差异显著（P < 0.05），下同。

下载: 导出CSV

表 2 生物炭施用对盐胁迫条件下黄瓜产量的影响

Table 2. Effect of biochar on the yield of cucumber with NaCl treatment

处理 Treatment		春季 Spring growing season		秋季 Autumn growing season
NaCl	生物炭 Biochar	瓜条数 Number of fruits	产量 (kg) Yield	瓜条数 Number of fruits	产量 (kg) Yield
0 mmol L⁻¹	B0	113.33 ± 5.13 a	15.93 ± 0.06 a	38.67 ± 4.16 b	5.00 ±0.44 b
	B3	103.33 ± 4.51 a	15.92 ± 0.20 a	37.5 ± 4.36 b	4.99 ± 0.40 b
	B5	103.00 ± 2.00 a	15.11 ± 0.49 a	52.00 ± 7.81 a	7.26 ± 1.33 a

150 mmol L⁻¹	B0	18.00 ± 1.00 d	1.70 ± 0.07 d	7.67 ± 1.15 e	0.82 ± 0.13 b
	B3	30.33 ± 8.39 c	3.03 ± 0.76 c	11.00 ± 1.00 de	0.92 ± 0.15 b
	B5	44.67 ± 3.21 b	5.05 ± 0.28 b	18.67 ± 2.08 c	2.11 ± 0.35 a

下载: 导出CSV

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