基于遥感数据融合的黄河三角洲土壤盐分时空变化研究

余泽鸿; 翁永玲; 范兴旺

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021102702

基于遥感数据融合的黄河三角洲土壤盐分时空变化研究

doi: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021102702

1.
东南大学交通学院，江苏南京 210096
2.
中国科学院南京地理与湖泊研究所，江苏南京 210008

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（41471352）资助

详细信息

作者简介:
余泽鸿（1997−），男，浙江杭州人，硕士研究生，主要从事遥感应用研究。E-mail: nocchii97@gmail.com

通讯作者:
E-mail: wengyongling@seu.edu.cn

中图分类号: TP753
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-10-27
- 录用日期: 2022-03-24
- 修回日期: 2022-03-21
- 刊出日期: 2022-06-17

Investigation of Spatio-temporal Variations of Soil Salinization in the Yellow River Delta Based on Remote Sensing Data Fusion Technique

1.
School of Transportation, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China
2.
Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 210008, China

摘要

摘要: 目的研究2005 ~ 2018年黄河三角洲地区土壤盐分在年内和年际尺度上的时空变化特征。方法基于2005 ~ 2018年春季覆盖黄河三角洲地区的MODIS和Landsat系列数据，采用增强型自适应反射率时空融合模型（ESTARFM）获得30米分辨率高频地表反射率数据。基于2005年实测土壤盐分数据和Landsat地表反射率数据，采用随机森林方法建立土壤盐分反演模型，反演2005 ~ 2018年黄河三角洲地区春季土壤盐分数据，分析土壤盐分含量的时空演变特征。结果 ESTARFM融合数据具有较为理想的精度，地表反射率总体误差在4%以内。年内尺度上，2 ~ 4月份黄河三角洲地区土壤盐分含量呈总体下降趋势，3 ~ 4月份存在盐分含量短期回升现象，进入4月份后，土壤盐分含量明显下降，非盐渍土和轻度盐渍土占比增加。年际尺度上，2005 ~ 2018年研究区土壤盐分含量呈先升后降趋势，最大值出现在2009年（4.262 g kg⁻¹），最小值出现在2005年（3.604 g kg⁻¹）。2009年以来，研究区内非盐渍土和轻度盐渍土面积显著增加，盐土面积显著减少，盐渍化程度明显改善。结论增强型自适应反射率时空融合模型可用于高频次土壤盐分数据反演，反演结果可加深对土壤盐分年内和年际变化规律的认识。
- 黄河三角洲 /
- 土壤盐分 /
- 时空变化 /
- 数据融合 /
- 随机森林
Abstract: Objective The spatio-temporal variations of soil salt content (SSC) at seasonal and inter-annual scales will be inversed in the Yellow River Delta from 2005 to 2018. Method This study derived 30-m resolution high-frequency surface reflectance data over the Yellow River Delta from 2005 to 2018 with the integration of the Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) and Landsat series sensors data via the Enhanced Spatial and Temporal Adaptive Reflectance Fusion Model (ESTARFM). Based on soil sampling data in 2005 and the Landsat-5 Thematic Mapper (TM) surface reflectance data, a random forest model was established to model the relationship between SSC and spectral reflectance. The model was used to estimate multi-temporal SSC data from 2005 to 2018, based on which the spatio-temporal variations in SSC were analyzed. Result The ESTARFM performed well for deriving Landsat-like reflectance data with an overall uncertainty < 4%. On seasonal scales, SSC showed a downward trend from February to April, with an occasional short-term rise in SSC from March to April. From April onwards, SSC decreased significantly, shown as the increasing proportions of non-saline soils and slightly saline soils. On inter-annual scales, SSC first increased and then decreased from 2005–2018. The highest SSC value appeared in 2009 (4.262 g kg⁻¹), and the lowest SSC value appeared in 2005 (3.604 g kg⁻¹). Since 2009, the area of slightly saline soils has increased significantly, which means a substantial improvement in soil salinization. Conclusion The ESTARFM method can be used for high-frequency SSC mapping, which promotes our understanding towards intra- and inter-annual dynamics of soil salinity.
- Yellow River Delta /
- Soil salt content /
- Spatio-temporal variations /
- Data fusion /
- Random Forest

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图 1 研究区地理位置及土壤采样点位置分布

Figure 1. Geographical location of the study area and spatial distribution of soil samples

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图 2 Landsat影像（a ~ c）与ESTARFM融合影像（d ~ f）对比（R = 4, G = 3, B = 2）

Figure 2. Comparison of Landsat images(a ~ e) and ESTARFM fused images(d ~ f) (R = 4, G = 3, B = 2)

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图 3 Landsat与ESTARFM 融合数据各波段反射率对比

Figure 3. Comparison of reflectance between Landsat image and ESTARFM fused image in each band

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图 4 基于RF模型的实测盐分和预测盐分值比较

Figure 4. Comparison of measured and predicted soil salt content based on RF model

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图 5 2005 ~ 2018年春季土壤盐分反演制图结果

Figure 5. Mapping results of soil salt content in the springtime from 2005 to 2018

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图 6 2005 ~ 2018年研究区年内（a ~ e）和年际（f）各等级盐渍土占比情况

Figure 6. Intra-annual (a ~ e) and inter-annual (f) proportions of different levels of saline soils in the study area from 2005 to 2018

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图 7 2005 ~ 2018年研究区年内（a ~ e）和年际（f）平均土壤盐分含量变化

Figure 7. Intra-annual (a ~ e) and inter-annual (f) variations of soil salt content in the study area from 2005 to 2018

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表 1 盐渍土分级标准^[18]

Table 1. Classification standard of saline soils

盐化等级 Level of salinization	非盐渍土 Non-saline soil	轻度 Slightly	中度 Medium	重度 Heavy	盐土 Saline soil
盐分总含量（g kg⁻¹）	0.0 ~ 1.0	1.0 ~ 2.0	2.0 ~ 4.0	4.0 ~ 6.0	> 6.0

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表 2 遥感数据类型及获取日期

Table 2. Remotely sensed data and the acquisition date

数据类型 Data type	行列号 Row and column	年份 Year	获取日期 Acquisition date
Landsat-5 TM	121/34	2005	Feb-01, Apr-22
Landsat-5 TM	121/34	2009	Jan-27, Apr-01, May-03

Landsat-7 ETM +	121/34	2012	Jan-12, Apr-01, Apr-17, May-03
		2015	Feb-05, Apr-26
		2018	Feb-13, Apr-02, Apr-18, May-04

MCD43A4	h27v05	2005	Feb-01, Feb-17, Mar-05，Mar-21, Apr-06, Apr-22
		2009	Jan-27, Feb-12, Feb-28，Mar-16, Apr-01, Apr-17
		2012	Jan-12, Feb-13, Feb-29，Mar-16, Apr-01
		2015	Feb-05, Feb-21, Mar-09，Mar-25, Apr-10, Apr-26
		2018	Feb-13, Mar-01, Mar-17, Apr-02

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表 3 Landsat与MODIS传感器波段对应关系

Table 3. Spectral band settings of Landsat and MODIS sensors

TM波段 TM band	波长（nm） Wavelength	ETM + 波段 ETM + band	波长（nm） Wavelength	MODIS波段 MODIS band	波长（nm） Wavelength
Band1	450 ~ 520	Band1	450 ~ 515	Band3	459 ~ 479
Band2	520 ~ 600	Band2	525 ~ 605	Band4	545 ~ 565
Band3	630 ~ 690	Band3	630 ~ 690	Band1	620 ~ 670
Band4	760 ~ 900	Band4	750 ~ 900	Band2	841 ~ 876
Band5	1550 ~ 1750	Band5	1550 ~ 1750	Band6	1628 ~ 1652
Band7	2080 ~ 2350	Band7	2090 ~ 2350	Band7	2105 ~ 2155

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表 4 不同等级盐渍土在对应年分区间的动态度（%）

Table 4. Dynamic degrees (%) of different levels of saline soils in the corresponding years

年份区间 Year	非盐土 Non saline soil	轻度 Slightly	中度 Medium	重度 Heavy	盐土 Saline soil
2005 ~ 2009	2.1	−14.3	−4.8	−1.8	28.9
2009 ~ 2012	−1.8	−1.8	5.0	7.7	−11.4
2012 ~ 2015	12.0	31.5	−2.7	−10.7	9.0
2015 ~ 2018	5.2	−5.0	−1.1	6.9	−6.3

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表 5 不同等级盐渍土间转移矩阵（%）

Table 5. Transfer matrix among different levels of saline soils

类型 Type	年份区间 Year	非盐渍土 Non saline soil	轻度 Slightly	中度 Medium	重度 Heavy	盐土 Saline soil	水域及建设用地 Water area and construction land
非盐渍土	2005 ~ 2009	54.1	4.7	5.7	6.1	0.8	1.6
	2009 ~ 2012	70.4	3.6	2.5	4.3	1.2	0.7
	2012 ~ 2015	70.6	13.1	10.2	5.6	1.1	1.6
	2015 ~ 2018	66.3	11.6	9.6	9.5	1.1	1.1

轻度	2005 ~ 2009	8.1	12.3	5.7	1.7	0.9	1.7
	2009 ~ 2012	3.2	20.7	7.2	2.7	1.6	2.2
	2012 ~ 2015	2.4	25.4	16.0	7.3	2.0	2.3
	2015 ~ 2018	5.2	26.2	12.3	4.5	1.1	1.4

中度	2005 ~ 2009	17.3	44.8	35.5	13.2	5.0	8.7
	2009 ~ 2012	12.3	53.1	52.1	26.5	8.9	11.4
	2012 ~ 2015	8.5	32.8	39.7	27.4	9.9	7.8
	2015 ~ 2018	12.4	40.6	44.0	24.1	6.7	6.9

重度	2005 ~ 2009	11.0	21.1	30.0	28.0	13.0	12.9
	2009 ~ 2012	9.6	15.2	29.0	41.2	31.0	17.1
	2012 ~ 2015	14.3	9.9	18.4	26.3	19.4	10.3
	2015 ~ 2018	12.0	11.4	22.7	37.7	28.5	11.5

盐土	2005 ~ 2009	3.3	5.9	12.8	35.0	59.0	17.0
	2009 ~ 2012	1.2	1.7	3.6	12.2	37.8	13.1
	2012 ~ 2015	1.8	4.5	6.2	20.4	47.5	20.2
	2015 ~ 2018	0.8	1.5	2.9	12.4	44.5	16.8

水域及建设用地	2005 ~ 2009	6.2	11.2	10.5	16.0	21.3	58.1
	2009 ~ 2012	3.3	5.8	5.6	13.1	19.4	55.5
	2012 ~ 2015	2.5	14.2	9.5	13.1	20.2	57.8
	2015 ~ 2018	3.3	8.6	8.6	11.8	18.1	62.4

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