有机物料和氧化钙对连作花生土壤微生物与酶活性及产量的影响

陈龙; 余明慧; 李航宇; 杨光; 金开美; 邹奎; 蓝黎明; 柳楷婧

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2021112301

有机物料和氧化钙对连作花生土壤微生物与酶活性及产量的影响

Effects of Organic Materials and Calcium-oxide on Soil Microorganism, Enzyme Activities and Yield of Peanut in Continuous Cropping

摘要

摘要:
目的研究复合肥分别配施商品有机肥、含腐殖酸有机水溶肥、氧化钙等对连作花生土壤可培养微生物数量、土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量及花生植株生长、荚果产量的影响，为连作花生合理施肥提供理论依据。
方法在连作3年的花生田块，以施用复合肥600 kg hm⁻²（T0）为对照，分别在此基础上设置增施600 kg hm⁻²商品有机肥（T1）、75 L hm⁻²含腐殖酸有机水溶肥（T2）、600 kg hm⁻²氧化钙（T3）等3个施肥处理，测定不同施肥方式下连作花生土壤微生物数量、土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量、花生植株长势及荚果产量。
结果与单施复合肥相比，增施有机物料（T1，T2）能够显著提升全生育期下连作花生田块可培养微生物总数量，并使得成熟期土壤可培养细菌数量与可培养真菌数量比值由48.59（T0）分别提升至58.93（T1）和59.94（T2），缓解土壤向“真菌性”转变，显著提高土壤酶活性及土壤养分含量，促进花生植株生长，提高荚果产量。两种有机物料间比较，含腐殖酸有机水溶肥（T2）效果更佳，荚果增产达11.17%。増施氧化钙后，花生全生育期下土壤各项指标对照差异基本不显著，但花生植株仍表现出百果重、出仁率显著增加，荚果产量提升了5.12%。
结论以复合肥配施含腐殖酸有机水溶肥（T2）对花生连作障碍缓解效果最佳，该施肥条件下，连作花生土壤微生物活力、土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量及花生荚果产量提高最为显著。

Abstract:
Objective The aims were to study the compounded fertilizer respectively combined with commercial organic fertilizer, humic acid-soluble organic fertilizer, and calcium oxide impact on the number of culturable microorganisms, soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient contents, peanut plant growth, and pod yield of continuous cropping peanut, in order to provide a theoretical basis for rational fertilization for peanut plantation.
Method The experiment was carried out on peanut plots with continuous cropping for 3 years. Applied compound fertilizer 600 kg hm⁻² (T0) was used as the control. On this basis, added 600 kg hm⁻² commercial organic fertilizer was treatment 1 (T1), added 75 L hm⁻² humic acid containing organic water-soluble fertilizer was treatment 2 (T2), added 600 kg hm⁻² calcium oxide was treatment 3 (T3). Under different treatments, respective determination of the number of soil microorganisms, soil enzyme activity, soil nutrient contents, peanut plant growth, and pod yield.
Result Compared to the control, organic materials (T1, T2) significantly increased the total number of culturable microorganisms during the whole growth periods, and the ratios of culturable bacteria to culturable fungi immaturity stage were from 48.59 (T0) to 58.93 (T1) and 59.94 (T2). Therefore, the transformation of soil to "fungi advantage" was mitigated. T1 and T2 also significantly increased soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient contents and promoted peanut plant growth and pod yield. Comparison between two organic materials, T2 increased the pod yield by 11.17%, and the effect of alleviating peanut continuous cropping disorder was better. Under the T3, there was no significant difference in soil indices during the whole growth period of peanut. However, the pod yield increased by 5.12% in the addition of calcium-oxide, and the weights of 100 pods & kernel significantly increased too.
Conclusion Applied compound fertilizer 600 kg hm⁻² combined with 75 L hm⁻² humic acid containing organic water-soluble fertilizer (T2) has the best effect of alleviating peanut continuous cropping disorder. Under this treatment, the soil microbial activities, soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient contents, and peanut pod yield were increased significantly.

HTML全文

参考文献(33)

施引文献

资源附件(0)