Abstract: With the improvement of people’s living standards, the continuous development of industrialization and urbanization, soil heavy metal pollution has become a very serious environmental problem. It is urgent to strengthen the remediation of soil heavy metal pollution. In recent years, phytoremediation techniques have a promising future compared with other remediation techniques, but the efficiency of phytoremediation was a difficult problem. A large number of studies have shown that water management can change the physical and chemical properties of soils and the form of heavy metals, and affect the content and migration of heavy metals in plants. Based on previous studies, this paper reviewed the effects of water management on soil's physical, chemical and biological properties, as well as plants themselves, analyzed the remediation efficiency of plants under different water conditions, and the suggestions for future development were put forward, which will provide a theoretical and practical basis for ensuring food security and green agricultural development in China.