Abstract: Global environmental change has been a hot issue of widespread concern. Phenomena, such as continuous temperature rise, increase of greenhouse gas emissions and frequent occurrence of extreme weather caused by human activities and fossil fuel burning, have a great impact on soil physical and chemical properties and microbial activities. As a greenhouse gas with strong warming potential produced, N₂O poses a great threat to the ecological environment. Therefore, it is of great significance to comprehensively and deeply explore the impact of different environmental factors of global environmental change on soil N₂O emission. In this review, the effects of simulated global warming, CO₂ concentration doubling, precipitation pattern change and nitrogen deposition on soil N₂O emission and microbial mechanism were summarized, and the interaction effects of two different global environmental change factors on N₂O emission were expounded. The increase of temperature, CO₂ concentration and nitrogen deposition could promote N₂O emission, but the interaction of different change factors has different effects on N₂O emission. In the future, we should strengthen the research on the interaction of multiple change factors, which will not only help to further understand the influencing factors of the production of N₂O, but also provide a theoretical basis for future research on the response of soil ecosystem to global environmental change and the establishment of prediction models.