Objective  It is difficult to adapt to the large-scale development of modern agriculture, such as the small scale of agricultural operation and the fragmentation of land in hilly mountainous areas, and the disclosure of the influencing factors of the willingness, behavior and willingness to turn into behavior of family farms is conducive to promoting the development of modern agriculture in large-scale operation.

  Method  Taking 271 family farms in the modern agriculture demonstration park in Jiangjin District, Chongqing as an example, based on the perspective of behavior transformation path, this paper established a disordered multi-classification logistic model to explore the influencing factors of family farmers’ willingness to operate on an appropriate scale, behavior and willingness to change into a behavior.

  Result  ① 26.57% of family farmers had the will to act on the scale of operation, and the willingness and behavior showed consistency; 37.27% had the will, but no behavior, showing differences; 36.16% had no will and no behavior, showing consistency. ② Operational risk perception, satisfaction with business scale, awareness of appropriate scale, and area of cultivated land had significant impacts on the willingness and behavior of family farmers to operate on a large scale. At the same time, the presence or absence of professional skills, the degree of fragmentation of the plot and the regional environment had a significant impact on the willingness, and the number of household laborers and the commercialization rate had a significant impact on the behavior. ③ The area of cultivated land in operation has a significant impact on the willingness of family farmers to turn into behavior, followed by the number of family laborers, the presence or absence of industrial chains, the commercialization rate, and the cognition of moderate scale, while the impact of capital characteristics, such as average annual income per mu, government subsidy rate, and non-agricultural income ratio is weak.

  Conclusion  It is believed that the smaller the risk of large-scale operation, the more understanding of moderate-scale operation, the more dissatisfied with the current scale of operation, and the larger the area of cultivated land operated by the farmer, the greater the probability of generating large-scale operation willingness and behavior. Farmers, who are willing to operate the larger the area of arable land, have the greater the probability of developing a large-scale business.