生物炭与磷肥添加对红壤团聚体及其磷组分分布的影响

Effects of Biochar and Phosphorus Application on Red Soil Aggregates and Their Phosphorus Components Distribution

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  通过大豆盆栽试验，研究了秸秆生物炭与磷肥添加对红壤团聚体稳定性、磷组分分布与植物磷吸收的影响。
      方法  试验包括6个处理：P0（不施磷和生物炭）、P30（30 kg P hm−2，不施生物炭）、P90（90 kg P hm−2，不施生物炭）、BP0（不施磷，单施4%生物炭）、BP30（30 kg P hm−2，施4%生物炭）和BP90（90 kg P hm−2，施4%生物炭）。采用湿筛法分离得到粗大团聚体（> 2 mm）、细大团聚体（0.25 ~ 2 mm）和微团聚体（< 0.25 mm）并用连续浸提分级测定了不同团聚体中磷组分分布特征。
      结果  ①与P0和P30相比，BP0和BP30处理显著促进粗大团聚体形成与稳定，同时促进大豆生长与磷吸收，且BP30处理增幅最大。②与不施生物炭相比，不同磷水平下添加生物炭均显著降低粗大团聚体全磷、总有机磷、NH4F-Po和NaOH-I-Po含量，同时增加细大团聚体HCl-Pi和NaOH-II-Pi含量与微团聚体总无机磷、HCl-Pi和NaOH-II-Pi含量。③植株磷吸收与粗大团聚体总有机磷、NaOH-I-Po和NaOH-II-Po显著负相关，但与微团聚体和细大团聚体NH4Cl-Pi、HCl-Pi和NaOH-II-Pi显著正相关。
      结论  生物炭与低量磷肥配施可有效改善红壤团聚体结构与稳定性，同时促进大团聚体有机磷的活化与微团聚体无机磷的固持，保障作物磷素供应。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  The effects of straw biochar and phosphorus (P) fertilizer application were investigated on the distribution of P fractions in red soil aggregates and plant P uptake through soybean pot experiment.
      Method  The experiment was set up with the following 6 treatments: P0 (no P and biochar), P30 (30 kg P ha−1, no biochar), P90 (90 kg P ha−1, no biochar), BP0 (no P, 4% biochar alone), BP30 (30 kg P ha−1, combined with 4% biochar) and BP90 (90 kg P ha−1 combined with 4% biochar). Large macro-aggregates ( > 2 mm), small macro-aggregates (0.25-2 mm) and micro-aggregates (< 0.25 mm) were separated by wet sieve method, and P fractions in different aggregates were determined by sequential fractionation.
      Result  ① Compared with P0 or P30, BP0 and BP30 significantly promoted the formation and stability of large macro-aggregates, promoted soybean growth and P uptake simultaneously, with the largest increase observed in BP30. ② Biochar application at different P levels significantly reduced total P, total organic P, NH4F-Po and NaOH-I-Po content in macro-aggregate, while increased HCl-Pi and NaOH-II-Pi in small macro-aggregates and total inorganic P, HCl-Pi and NaOH-II-Pi content in micro-aggregate. (3) The plant P uptake was significantly negatively correlated with the total organic P, NaOH-I-Po and NaOH-II-Po in large macro-aggregates, but significantly positively correlated with NH4Cl-Pi, HCl-Pi and NaOH-II-Pi in micro-aggregates and small macro-aggregates.
      Conclusion  The combined application of biochar and low-level P fertilizer could improve the structure and stability of red soil aggregates effectively, promote the activation of macro-aggregates of organic P and the retention of micro-aggregates of inorganic P to ensure the supply of crop P. The result provides a theoretical basis for the use of biochar in organic P mobilization and crop P uptake.

     

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