Abstract: Problems such as planting a single variety of tea trees or plants, unreasonable irrigation, excessive application of chemical fertilizers and herbicides often occur in the production of tea, affecting the yield and quality of tea. Evaluating the effects of the tea plantation management on the soil microbial community will provide a scientific basis for the improvement of tea quality and yield. This paper has summarized the research at home and abroad, reviewed the effects of planting patterns, irrigation measures, fertilization methods and weed control on soil microbial community, as well as the relationship of the microbial community and soil's physical and chemical properties, and analyzed the role of microbial communities in improving soil fertility in tea plantation. Scientific management of tea plantations can change the composition and structure of the microbial community, as well as improve the physical and chemical properties of soil in tea plantations, which is of great significance to promote the growth of tea trees, and the yield and quality of tea. Soil ecology in tea plantations should be strengthened to be studied in the future, and to provide the theoretical basis for the scientific management and sustainable development of tea plantations.