膨润土和有机肥施用对秸秆覆盖还田紫色土肥力影响及经济效益分析

Effects of Bentonite and Manure on Fertility and Economic Benefit of Purple Soil under Straw Mulching

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  明确施用膨润土和有机肥对紫色土秸秆还田下土壤肥力及经济效益的影响，探讨提高紫色土区秸秆还田转化效率的技术方法，实现秸秆资源的高效利用。
      方法  应用田间小区试验方法并结合多元统计分析，比较玉米－油菜轮作模式下，紫色土秸秆覆盖还田时施用膨润土和有机肥对土壤肥力、作物产量及年均收益等方面的差异。
      结果  施用膨润土和有机肥可分别使土壤容重降低12.31%和18.78%，土壤全量和速效氮、磷、钾含量分别增加27.42% ~ 71.39%和14.98% ~ 86.11%。同时，施用膨润土和施用有机肥对增加土壤有机碳及作物产量也具有较好的促进作用。在考虑产出－投入成本的情况下进行经济效益分析，发现施用膨润土和有机肥后玉米-油菜的年均产量当量分别提高了28.15%和28.73%，年均产值分别增加了0.31和0.81万元hm−2。通过灰色关联分析、主成分分析及聚类分析，发现土壤含水量和环境日均温差是施用膨润土和有机肥提升秸秆覆盖还田紫色土中作物产量的关键调控因子。
      结论  在秸秆覆盖还田紫色土区，通过施用膨润土和有机肥可有效提高土壤有机质及养分库容，改善土壤结构，促进作物增产增收，其中以施用膨润土效果更佳。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  The effects of bentonite and manure on soil fertility and economic benefit of purple soil are determined under straw mulching, and the technical methods that can improve the conversion efficiency are investigated, which realizes the efficient utilization of straw resources.
      Method  The field plot experiment combined with multivariate statistical analysis was conducted to compare the effects of bentonite and manure on soil fertility and crop yield in maize-rape rotation system under straw mulching.
      Result  Compared with pure straw mulching, the addition of bentonite and organic fertilizer could reduce soil bulk density by 12.31% and 18.78%, and increase soil total and available nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium contents by 27.42%-71.39% and 14.98%-86.11%, respectively. Moreover, the application of bentonite and manure also had a positive effect on the increase of soil organic carbon and the increase of crop yield. Through further economic analysis, it was found that the average annual yield equivalents of the maize-rape rotation system after application of bentonite and organic fertilizer were increased by 28.15%-28.73%, and the average annual yield benefits were increased by 3.1-8.1 thousand Yuan ha−1. Besides, soil moisture content and daily temperature difference were ones of the regulatory factors for bentonite and manure on annual yield in the maize-rape rotation system of purple soil.
      Conclusion  The application of bentonite and manure could improve the soil structure, enhance the storage capacity of soil organic matter and nutrients, and increase crop yield and output value income under straw mulching. And, the application of bentonite had a better effect than manure application.

     

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