Effects of Conservation Tillage Practices on Organic Carbon Components and Maize Yield in Black Soil
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摘要:
目的 探究不同保护性耕作措施对黑土有机碳组分的影响,对于保持黑土生态稳定性及其高肥力水平具有重要意义。 方法 以农田黑土为研究对象,玉米为供试作物,采用随机区组设计,设置传统翻耕(CT)、传统翻耕 + 秸秆还田(CTSI)、免耕(NT)、免耕 + 秸秆还田(NTSI)、深松(ST)和深松 + 秸秆还田(STSI),共6个处理,采用密度分组法,研究不同保护性耕作措施对耕层土壤(0 ~ 20 cm)有机碳组分含量、结构特征及玉米产量的影响。 结果 与CT处理相比,不同保护性耕作处理土壤总有机碳含量均显著提高(P < 0.05)。ST处理轻组有机碳、粗颗粒有机碳和细颗粒有机碳组分含量均较CT处理显著增加(P < 0.05),与不还田相比,秸秆还田处理有机碳各组分含量均增加,NTSI处理较CTSI处理显著提高轻组有机碳含量,STSI处理较CTSI处理显著提高粗颗粒有机碳和细颗粒有机碳含量。主成分分析表明,与CT处理相比,NT、NTSI、ST和STSI处理均能提高轻组有机碳多糖和碳水化合物官能团的相对含量;保护性耕作措施较CT处理不仅增加了粗颗粒有机碳和细颗粒有机碳组分活性官能团相对含量,还增加了稳定性官能团相对含量,有利于土壤稳定性结构的形成,促进碳的固存。耕作与秸秆还田显著影响了玉米产量,ST较CT和NT处理分别显著提高了22.37%和21.42%(P < 0.05),秸秆还田处理有利于玉米产量提升,STSI处理增产效果最佳;相关性分析表明,粗颗粒有机碳能有效指示土壤有机碳的变化,其与细颗粒有机碳在维持和提升玉米产量中具有重要贡献。 结论 采用深松结合秸秆还田的保护性耕作措施对于稳定与提高黑土有机碳含量、固持土壤碳库和增加玉米产量具有重要作用。 Abstract:Objective The decline of soil organic carbon (TOC) is a key factor of black soil degradation. Investigating the effects of conservation tillage practices on SOC components is of great importance to stabilize black soil ecosystem, maintain fertility, and improve sustainable conservation tillage practices. Method Maize and farmland black soil were taken as test crop and research objective, and conventional tillage (CT), conventional tillage + straw incorporation (CTSI), no-tillage (NT), no-tillage + straw incorporation (NTSI), subsoiling tillage (ST), and subsoiling tillage + straw incorporation (STSI) were established to investigate the quantity and structural characteristic of organic carbon (C) components in plough layer (0 - 20 cm) with density grouping method. Result The results showed that the total SOC contents under conversation tillage treatments were all increased significantly compared with CT treatment. Light fraction organic C, coarse particulate organic C and fine particulate organic C contents in ST treatment were increased significantly (P < 0.05). Compared to straw removal, straw incorporation increased the organic C contents in each organic C component. Compared with NTSI treatment, the contents of light fraction organic C was increased significantly in CTSI treatment, while course particle organic C and fine particle organic C were both increased significantly in STSI treatment. Principal component analysis showed that the relative content of carbohydrate and polysaccharide functional groups in light faction organic C were all increased in NT, NTSI, ST and STSI treatments. Compared with CT, conservation tillage practices not only increased the relative content of active functional groups in the coarse-grained organic C and fine-grained organic C components, but also increased the relative content of stable functional groups, which was conducive to the formation of soil stability structure and promoted C sequestration. Tillage and straw incorporation significantly affected maize yield, ST was significantly higher than CT by 21.42% (P < 0.05). Straw incorporation increased maize yield with the highest yield in STSI treatment. Correlation analysis showed that fine particulate organic C could better indicate the change of organic C. Conclusion It could be concluded that subsoiling tillage combined with straw incorporation is of great significance for stabilizing and increasing soil organic C content, maintaining SOC pool and enhancing maize yield. -
图 2 不同处理土壤轻组有机碳(a)、粗颗粒有机碳(b)、细颗粒有机碳(c)和矿质结合态有机碳(d)含量的变化
不同小写字母表示在0.05水平上差异显著。CT:翻耕,CTSI:翻耕 + 秸秆还田,NT:免耕,NTSI:免耕 + 秸秆还田,ST:深松,STSI:深松 + 秸秆还田。
Figure 2. Changes of light fraction organic carbon (a), course particle organic carbon (b), fine particle organic carbon (c), and mineral-associated organic carbon under different treatments
图 3 不同处理土壤轻组有机碳(a)、粗颗粒有机碳(b)、细颗粒有机碳(c)和矿质结合态有机碳(d)红外光谱特征
CT:翻耕,CTSI:翻耕 + 秸秆还田,NT:免耕,NTSI:免耕 + 秸秆还田,ST:深松,STSI:深松 + 秸秆还田。
Figure 3. Infrared spectrum characteristic of light fraction organic carbon (a), course particle organic carbon (b), fine particle organic carbon (c), and mineral-associated organic carbon under different treatments
表 1 试验处理
Table 1. Details of experiment design
处理
Treatment耕作方式
Tillage practice翻耕 (CT) 采用耕作深度可调的液压翻转犁完成,耕作深度 30 cm 翻耕 + 秸秆还田 (CTSI) 采用耕作深度可调的液压翻转犁完成,秸秆还田为机械粉碎至5 ~ 20 cm全量还田(还田量9500 kg hm−2),
还田时间为收获后一周内免耕 (NT) 全年不耕作,播种时用免耕播种机一次性完成播种,秸秆全部移除 免耕 + 秸秆还田 (NTSI) 全年不耕作,采用免耕播种机完成播种,秸秆还田为机械粉碎至5 ~ 20 cm全量还田(还田量9500 kg hm−2),还田时间为收获后一周内 深松 (ST) 利用深松机垄间松动土壤,深度为30 cm 深松 + 秸秆还田 (STSI) 利用深松机垄间松动土壤,深度30 cm,秸秆还田为机械粉碎至5 ~ 20 cm全量还田(还田量9500 kg hm−2),还田时间为收获后一周内 表 2 耕作和秸秆还田对黑土有机碳组分红外光谱特征峰相对峰强度的影响
Table 2. Effects of tillage and straw incorporation on infrared spectrum relative peak intensity of organic carbon components
有机碳组分
Organic carbon component处理
Treatment特征峰的相对峰强度 (%)
Relative peak intensity of characteristic peak-OH -NH -CHn C=C C-O Si-O LFOC CT 3.86 6.22 4.04 5.11 55.64 22.87 CTSI 3.27 5.16 4.31 5.51 58.65 21.13 NT 3.64 6.07 4.36 6.04 58.29 14.60 NTSI 4.75 6.42 4.77 6.75 60.32 14.97 ST 5.36 6.69 4.35 5.38 59.20 15.79 STSI 4.20 5.80 4.53 6.47 62.44 14.37 CPOC CT 4.69 5.70 4.06 8.23 50.12 25.14 CTSI 4.46 5.60 4.12 8.61 52.79 22.09 NT 5.02 5.78 4.11 8.67 52.78 20.50 NTSI 4.53 5.77 4.14 8.75 54.74 19.26 ST 5.05 5.90 4.15 8.73 52.94 19.28 STSI 4.93 5.65 4.17 8.90 54.84 18.72 FPOC CT 4.81 5.61 4.19 8.15 51.23 23.84 CTSI 4.52 5.59 4.36 8.37 52.27 23.09 NT 4.86 5.72 4.47 8.12 53.71 20.40 NTSI 4.65 5.55 5.00 8.78 54.58 19.14 ST 5.02 5.77 4.23 8.62 53.80 20.82 STSI 4.96 5.72 4.46 8.98 54.82 19.11 MAOC CT 2.40 2.11 3.30 10.88 46.69 29.91 CTSI 2.93 2.86 3.59 12.00 47.67 27.48 NT 2.85 3.62 3.61 10.56 47.02 30.17 NTSI 3.00 3.83 3.99 11.89 48.10 27.43 ST 2.73 2.47 3.68 11.36 47.23 27.98 STSI 3.02 3.56 3.96 12.37 48.69 28.72 注:CT:翻耕,CTSI:翻耕 + 秸秆还田,NT:免耕,NTSI:免耕 + 秸秆还田,ST:深松,STSI:深松 + 秸秆还田。 -
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