The Spatial-temporal Distribution of Soil Moisture and Its Prediction in the Fragmented Terrain of Liudaogou Catchment
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摘要:
目的 为深入理解陕北黄土高原土壤水分时间动态特征及空间模式时间稳定性，探索代表点位预测土壤储水量和干层平均状况的可靠性。 方法 在神木六道沟流域选择一典型地形破碎区，自2014年10月至2017年7月开展土壤水分长期跟踪监测。 结果 ①观测期内，夹心式干层厚度和夹心式干层内土壤含水量分别变化于20 ~ 760 cm和6.43% ~ 10.73%之间，表现出夹心式干层随时间发育的复杂性。②土壤储水量、干层厚度和干层内土壤含水量斯皮尔曼等级相关系数均值分别为0.94、0.95和0.90，表明研究区土壤储水量及干层空间模式具有强烈的时间稳定性。③通过土壤储水量及干层时间稳定性特征分析判定，点位A5、C1和C2分别可作为预测研究区土壤储水量（R2 = 0.88）、干层厚度（R2 = 0.74）和干层内土壤含水量（R2 = 0.56）平均状况的代表点位。相比而言，利用土壤储水量和干层厚度代表点位预测结果精确度更高。 结论 在黄土高原地形破碎区利用代表点位预测土壤水分时空分布的方法是可行的，科学调控土壤水库可在一定程度上缓解土壤干层的形成与发展，为区域土壤干层的恢复提供了可能性。 Abstract:Objective The dried soil layer (DSL) is a special phenomenon of soil moisture deficiency in the Loess Plateau. In order to reveal the spatial-temporal distribution of soil water storage (SWS), sandwiched dried soil layer (SDSL) and DSL, and to predict their status. Method We layouted 15 observational sites in a typical fragmented area in Liudaogou catchment and obtained long-term data of soil moisture from October, 2014 to July, 2017. Using temporal stability method, we estimated SWS, the thickness of DSL and DSL-SWC with the representative sites, and verified the reliability of the simulation equations. Results The results show that: ① The dynamics of SDSL was characterized with somewhat complexity in the fragmented terrain. The level of SDSL was severe, the thickness and soil moisture of sandwiched dried soil layers varied within the range of 20-760 cm and 6.43%-10.73%, respectively. ② The distribution of SWS and DSL were temporally stable. The Spearman rank correlation coefficients of SWS, DSLT and DSL-SWC were 0.94, 0.95 and 0.90, respectively, which indicating that the characteristics of permanent SWS and DSL. ③The prediction results of SWS and DSLT were more accurate than DSL-SWC. Based on the analysis of the time stability characteristics of SWS and dried soil layers, the A5, C1 and C2 observation points could better represent the average levels of SWS, the thickness of DSL and DSL-SWC in the study area (coefficients of determination were 0.88, 0.74 and 0.56), respectively. Conclusion It was feasible to predict the spatial-temporal distribution of soil moisture by using representative sites in the fragmented area of the Loess Plateau. Scientific regulation of soil moisture could alleviate the formation and development of dried soil layer to a certain extent, and provide the possibility for the restoration of dried soil layer. -
图 2 六道沟流域观测期内日降水量
Figure 2. Daily precipitation during the observational period in the Liudaogou catchment
图 3 各点位夹心式干层分布特征
Figure 3. Sandwiched phenomenon of DSL (dried soil layer) between non-DSLs
图 4 不同月份土壤水分斯皮尔曼等级相关系数均值
Figure 4. The mean of Spearman rank correlation of time series of soil moisture
图 5 利用不同指标判定土壤水分的时间稳定性
Figure 5. The judgement of temporal stability of soil moisture with ITS, MRD and MAE
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