Research Progress of Microalgae Polysaccharides and Their Derivatives in Agriculture
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摘要: 微藻是单细胞光合生物，具有光合作用效率高、环境适应能力强、生长周期短等特点。微藻多糖是广泛存在于微藻中的一种天然大分子物质，不仅能够促进作物生长，提高作物抗逆性，还可以改善土壤理化性质，调节土壤微生物群落，是植物生物刺激剂的潜在来源。然而，微藻多糖在农业领域并未得到广泛的应用和开发。本文就微藻多糖的合成途径、生化组成、促生和抗逆作用机理及其对土壤改善作用等方面内容进行了综述，以期为微藻多糖的规模化制备及农业应用提供一定的科学理论依据。Abstract: Microalgae is a unicellular photosynthetic organism with the characteristics of high photosynthetic efficiency, strong environmental adaptability and short growth cycle. Microalgae polysaccharides are natural macromolecular substances widely existing in microalgae. They can not only promote crop growth, improve crop resistance, but also improve soil physicochemical properties, regulate soil microbial communities. They are also a potential source of plant bio-stimulants. However, microalgae polysaccharides have not been widely used and developed in agriculture. In this paper, the biosynthesis pathway, biochemical composition, growth-promoting and anti-stress mechanism of microalgae polysaccharides and their effects on soil improvement were reviewed. The aim is to provide a scientific and theoretical basis for large-scale preparation and agricultural application of microalgae polysaccharides.
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Key words:
- Microalgae polysaccharides /
- Bio-stimulant /
- Plant growth /
- Stress resistance /
- Soil improvement
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图 1 微藻中多糖生物合成途径的示意图[33]
GA3P：3-磷酸甘油醛；G6P：葡糖-6-磷酸；PGM：葡萄糖磷酸变位酶；G1P：葡糖-1-磷酸；UPP：UDP-焦磷酸化酶；UDP-Glc:尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖; BGS:β-1,3-葡聚糖合成酶；TGS：1,6-β-转糖苷酶；虚线表示可能的合成途径
Figure 1. Schematic representation of the polysaccharide biosynthetic pathway in microalgae.
图 2 微藻多糖对植物的生物刺激作用[51]
Figure 2. Biological stimulation of microalgae polysaccharide on plants
图 3 植物利用多糖激发子诱导的多种防御机制[51]
Figure 3. Various defense mechanisms induced by polysaccharide elicitors in plants
表 1 一些常见微藻多糖（胞内或胞外多糖）的组成
Table 1. The composition of some common microalgae polysaccharides（intracellular or extracellular polysaccharides）
物种
Species海藻糖
Fuc鼠李糖
Rha阿拉伯糖
Ara半乳糖
Gal葡萄糖
Glu甘露糖
Man果糖
Fru木糖
Xyl核糖
Rib糖醛酸
UA参考文献
references绿藻(Green Microalgae) 蛋白核小球藻 (Chlorella pyrenoidosa) + + + + − + + + + − [35] 莱茵衣藻 (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii) − + − + d + − − − − [36] 杜氏盐藻 (Dunaliella salina) − − − + + − + + − − [37] 杜氏盐藻 (Dunaliella tertiolecta) − + − + d + − + − − [38] 铜绿紫球藻 (Porphyridium aerugineum) − − + + + + − + + + [39] 绿球藻 (Chlorococcum sp.) + − − + d + − + + − [40] 蓝藻(Cyanobacteria) 极大螺旋藻 (Spirulina maxima) + + − + d + − + − + [41] 念珠藻 (Nostoc sp.) − − − − − d − + − − [42] 颤藻 (Oscillatoria sp.) − − − − d − − + + − [42] 粘球藻(Gloeocapsa sp.) + + + + d + + d + + [43] 鞘丝藻 (Leptolyngbya sp.) + + + + + + + + + + [43] 鱼腥藻 (Anabaena augstumalis) + + + + d − − + + + [44] 集胞藻 (Synechocystis aquatilis) + + − − d − − + − + [44] 布朗葡萄藻 (Botryococcus braunii) + + + d − − − − − + [45] 爪哇伪枝藻 (Scytonema javanicum) + + + d d d − + − + [46] 微鞘藻 (Microcoleus vaginatus) + + + d d d − + − + [46] 单歧蓝藻 (Tolypothrix tenuis) + + + + d + − − − − [47] 微囊藻 (Microcystis sp. ) + + − + − − − + − + [48] 注: + 检测到, − 无/未检测到; d 主要糖类 
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