Abstract: Based on a comprehensive review and systematic summary of soil phosphorus-related literature, the current status, hot spots and future development trends of soil phosphorus research at home and abroad are identified. 8444 phosphorus-related studies published from 1990 to 2021 were collected from the Web of Science core database, and visual analysis of posting countries, institutions, keywords and their clustering were used with CiteSpace software. The results showed that the number of publications on soil phosphorus research has been increasing rapidly since 2017. The top three countries in terms of number of publications were the United States, China and Australia, with the United States and Australia having higher betweenness centrality. The cooperation network of research institutions showed that the institutions with higher betweenness centrality were the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Adelaide University and La Trobe University. Their researches have focused on sustainable management of phosphorus in farmland, phosphorus utilization efficiency mediated by plant-microorganism interaction, soil phosphorus fractions and phosphorus cycling, respectively. The co-citation analysis of the literature indicated that the resource shortage, legacy effect, runoff migration characteristics, and phosphorus limiting mechanism were the key contents. Key words co-occurrence network, clustering and Burst detection analysis showed that soil nitrogen-phosphorus interactions, phosphorus-plant effects, phosphorus availability, and dynamic were the hot spots. Future research will focus on the effects of soil microorganisms, nutrient limitations (stoichiometric ratios), and climate change on soil phosphorus availability and the turnover of phosphorus. In the future, fully exploiting potential microbial resources and alleviating soil nutrient limitation will provide the advantageous strategies for the sustainable utilization of soil phosphorus.