两株黑曲霉生长代谢能力与浸出富钾页岩效果的比较分析

Comparison of the Growth and Metabolic Capacity of Two Strains of Aspergillus niger and Their Leaching Effectiveness on Potassium-rich shale

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究两株不同来源Aspergillus niger菌种（MQ013、MQ039）对富钾页岩中K、Fe、Si、Al等主要元素的溶出动力学差异，并结合菌种的生长代谢特性，探明菌种选择性浸出矿物中主要元素的可能生物化学机制。
    方法 通过在Czapek’s培养基中摇瓶培养考察菌株生长代谢特性与浸矿实验效果；培养液中的有机酸、蛋白质与多糖分别采用HPLC、苯酚－硫酸法与考马斯亮蓝G-250试剂盒进行测定；采用ICP-AES方法测定浸矿上清液中的K、Fe、Si、Al等金属离子的含量；矿物表面形貌特征及矿物组成分别采用SEM-EDS与XRD进行分析确定。
    结果 MQ013具有较强代谢产苹果酸、酒石酸和琥珀酸的能力，而产胞外多糖和蛋白质能力弱于MQ039，其培养液中以上各代谢产物最大值分别为118.25、78.88、60.12、5920、5.29 mg L−1；MQ039不产酒石酸与琥珀酸，但代谢产柠檬酸、草酸、胞外多糖与蛋白质的能力较MQ013强，培养液中以上各代谢产物最大值分别可达91.20、85.21 、9100 、6.44 mg L−1；MQ013对富钾页岩中Si的浸出选择性要明显好于MQ039，其浸出液中SiO2的含量是MQ039的1.60倍，而MQ039对Al、K、Fe的浸出选择性要明显强于MQ013，其浸出液中Al2O3、K2O和Fe2O3的浓度分别是MQ013的1.82、1.17和1.22倍。
    结论 同种菌株由于生长环境不同会导致其存在一定的生长代谢特性差异。两株黑曲霉MQ013与MQ039之间代谢产物的组分与分泌量差异是影响其选择性浸出富钾页岩中K、Fe、Al、Si等元素效率的关键因素，其中蛋白质与多糖对黑曲霉选择性浸出K和Fe有利，而苹果酸与柠檬酸可分别促进黑曲霉优先释放Si与Al。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The dissolution kinetics of K, Fe, Si and Al elements in potassium-rich shale by two Aspergillus niger strains (MQ013 and MQ039) from different sources were studied. Combined with the growth and metabolism characteristics of the strains, the possible biochemical mechanism of selective leaching of main elements in minerals by the strains was explored.
    Method The growth and metabolism characteristics of the strain and the effect of bioleaching experiment were investigated by shake flask culture in Czapek’s medium. The organic acids, proteins and polysaccharides in the culture medium were determined by HPLC, phenol sulfuric acid method and Coomassie brilliant blue G-250 kit. The contents of K, Fe, Si and Al ions were determined with ICP-AES. The surface morphology and mineral composition of minerals were analyzed and determined with SEM-EDS and XRD.
    Result MQ013 has a strong metabolic ability to produce malic acid, tartaric acid, and succinic acid, while its ability to produce extracellular polysaccharides and proteins was weaker than that of MQ039. The maximum values of the above metabolites in its culture medium were 118.25, 78.88, 60.12, 5920, and 5.29 mg L−1 , respectively. MQ039 does not produce tartaric acid and succinic acid, but has a stronger ability to metabolize citric acid, oxalic acid, extracellular polysaccharides, and proteins compared to MQ013. The maximum values of the above metabolites in the culture medium can reach 91.20, 85.21, 9100, and 6.44 mg L−1, respectively. The leaching selectivity of MQ013 to Si in potassium-rich shale is significantly better than MQ039. The content of SiO2 in the leaching solution is 1.60 times of MQ039, while the leaching selectivity of MQ039 to Al, K and Fe is significantly stronger than MQ013. The concentrations of Al2O3, K2O and Fe2O3 in the leaching solution were 1.82, 1.17 and 1.22 times of MQ013, respectively.
    Conclusion Different growth environments of the same strain can lead to certain differences in their growth and metabolic characteristics. The composition and secretion of metabolites of Aspergillus Niger are the key factors affecting the efficiency of selective leaching of K, Fe, Al and Si from potassium-rich shale. Protein and polysaccharides are beneficial to the selective leaching of K and Fe by Aspergillus niger, while malic acid and citric acid can promote the preferential release of Si and Al by Aspergillus niger respectively.

     

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