秸秆还田配施促腐菌剂对稻田土壤理化性质与微生物数量的影响

Effect of Straw Returning with Decomposing Inoculants to Soil Physico-chemical Properties and the Abundance of Bacteria and Fungi Community

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  本研究通过对一系列物理、化学性质和微生物数量的测定，综合评价秸秆还田配施促腐菌剂对土壤质量的改善效果。
      方法  采用大田小区方式，在秸秆还田条件下，设置不同菌剂施用量，考察水稻冬翻系统土壤理化性质及微生物数量变化，并通过灰色关联度分析综合评价得出秸秆配施菌剂最佳施用量。试验设空白处理（CK）、常规施肥 + 秸秆不还田处理（RT）、常规施肥 + 秸秆还田 + 7.5 kg ha−1菌剂处理（M1）、常规施肥 + 秸秆还田 + 15 kg ha−1剂处理（M2）、常规施肥 + 秸秆还田 + 30 kg ha−1菌剂处理（M3）和常规施肥 + 秸秆还田处理（ST）。
      结果  秸秆还田配施菌剂有效提高了秸秆腐解率，秸秆腐解率比ST平均提升了53.49%。配施促腐菌剂改善了土壤理化性质、提高了土壤细菌真菌数量。但是菌剂处理对不同指标提升效果仍有差异。对比ST，仅M1显著提升0 ~ 20 cm土壤有效钾含量和20 ~ 40 cm土壤全磷、碱解氮、有效钾含量，分别提升了49.45%、19.80%、19.34%和25.65%。仅M3显著提升了0 ~ 20 cm土壤 R0.25（水稳性大团聚体数量）和真菌拷贝数，分别提升了16.34%和89.06%。M2和M3均显著增加了0 ~ 20 cm土壤 MWD（平均重量直径）和 GMD（几何平均直径），且以M3数值最高。M2和M3处理均显著提升了20 ~ 40 cm土壤 R0.25、MWD、GMD、有效磷和细菌基因拷贝数，除有效磷含量外，M3数值均为最高。采用灰色关联度分析，综合评价秸秆还田配施菌剂浓度的土壤改良效果，结果表明以M3处理效果最好。
      结论  秸秆还田配施菌剂改善土壤质量的效果更好，且菌剂用量不同其效果各异，其中秸秆还田配施30 kg hm−1微生物菌剂综合改善 0 ~ 20 cm与20 ~ 40 cm土壤质量的效果最佳。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Soil physical-chemical properties and the number of bacteria and fungi at different depths (0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm) were investigated to comprehensively evaluate the effect of straw returning with decomposing microbial inoculants on paddy soil.
      Method  A field experiment with six treatments, including check control without straw returning and fertilizer (CK), fertilization + no straw returning (RT), fertilization + straw returning + 7.5 kg hm−1 decomposing inoculant (M1), fertilization + straw returning + 15 kg hm−1 decomposing inoculant (M2), fertilization + straw returning + 30 kg hm−1 decomposing inoculant (M3), and fertilization + straw returning (ST), was set up to determine the soil physical-chemical properties and the abundance of bacterial ang fungal community, in order to obtain a better decomposing inoculant dosage through the results of the gray correlation analysis.
      Result  With the addition of decomposing inoculants, the straw decomposition rate was significantly enhanced by 53.49% on average. Compared with ST, only M1 significantly increased the content of available potassium by 49.45% in 0 ~ 20 cm soil, and total phosphorus, available nitrogen, and available potassium by 19.80%, 19.34%, 25.65% in 20 ~ 40 cm soil. Only M3 significantly increased R0.25 and fungi copies in 0 ~ 20 cm soil by 16.34% and 89.06%. M2 and M3 significantly enhanced MWD, GMD in 0 ~ 20 cm soil, and M3 was the highest. M2 and M3 also significantly increased R0.25, MWD, GMD, available phosphorus, and bacterial gene copies in 20 ~ 40 cm soil, and M3 had higher values than M2 except for available phosphorus. According to the results of the gray correlation analysis, M3 was the optimal choice to improve the soil quality among 6 treatments.
      Conclusion  Straw returning with 30 kg hm−1 decomposing microbial inoculants was a better way to improve the soil quality both in 0 ~ 20 cm and 20 ~ 40 cm soil.

     

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