化肥配施不同有机物料对热带砖红壤氮素转化过程的影响

Effects of Chemical Fertilizer Application Combined with of Different Organic Materials on Nitrogen Transformations in a Tropical Latosol

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  探究化肥配施不同类型有机物料连续施用对热带砖红壤性质、氮素转化过程速率及相关土壤酶活性的影响，以期为提高砖红壤生产力及发展农田氮素管理高效模式提供理论依据。
      方法  基于田间原位试验，采集了连续种植6年不同施肥管理的砖红壤土样，测定单施化肥（N）、化肥配施秸秆（N + straw）和化肥配施羊粪（N + manure）处理的土壤理化性质、氮素转化速率和相关酶活性。
      结果  化肥配施有机物料较单施化肥处理增加了土壤有机碳、土壤全氮及pH值，增幅范围分别为7.43% ~ 40.28%，28.57% ~ 42.86%和1.60% ~ 52.05%；降低了土壤C/N值，降幅范围为1.44% ~ 15.35%，其中化肥配施羊粪影响较大。有机物料连续施用土壤氮素矿化速率、氨氧化潜力、净硝化速率和反硝化潜力分别增加了3.00倍，11.48倍，0.28倍和4.07倍。化肥配施有机物料显著增加了土壤脲酶、硝酸还原酶、亚硝酸还原酶和β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶，但显著降低了土壤亚硝酸氧化酶和多酚氧化酶活性，其中化肥配施羊粪较化肥配施秸秆作用更强。氮素转化速率（除净硝化速率）与土壤有机碳、全氮和pH呈显著正相关，与脲酶、亚硝酸还原酶、硝酸还原酶活性均呈显著正相关，而与多酚氧化酶活性呈显著负相关。
      结论  化肥配施有机物料能够改善砖红壤性状，加速土壤氮素周转，其中化肥配施羊粪较化肥配施秸秆效果更加明显，因此化肥配施羊粪是改善热带砖红壤性状和提升氮素可利用性的有效措施。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  This study was to investigate the effects of chemical fertilizer combined with different types of organic materials on soil properties, nitrogen transformations and related soil enzyme activities of tropical latosol, which would provide theoretical basis for improving soil productivity and developing rational nitrogen management strategies.
      Methods  Based on a field experiment, we collected soils treated with chemical fertilizer (N), chemical fertilizer plus straw (N + straw) and chemical fertilizer plus sheep manure (N + manure) for six years, and determined soil chemical properties, nitrogen transformation rates and related enzyme activities.
      Results  The organic material amendment increased soil organic carbon (SOC), soil total nitrogen (TN) and pH by 7.43%-40.28%, 28.57%-42.86% and 1.60%-52.05%, respectively, and decreased soil C/N values by 1.44%-15.35%, compared with the CK treatment, with greater effect under sheep manure application. Soil net N mineralization rate, potential ammonia oxidation, net nitrification rate and potential denitrification rate were increased by 3.00, 11.48, 0.28 and 4.07 times, respectively, when organic materials were continuously incorporated. The amendment of organic material significantly increased the activities of soil urease, nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase and β-1,4-glucosidase, but significantly decreased the activities of nitrite oxidase and polyphenol oxidase. Nitrogen transformations rates (except net nitrification rate) were significantly and positively correlated with SOC, TN, pH and activities of urease, nitrite reductase and nitrate reductase, but had significantly negative correlation with polyphenol oxidase activities.
      Conclusion  Chemical fertilizer co-applied with organic material can improve the soil properties and promote nitrogen transformations of tropical latosol, with greater effect under sheep manure application. Therefore, chemical fertilizer combined with sheep manure is an effective measure to improve soil properties and enhance nitrogen availability of tropical latosol.

     

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