Experiment Study on Water and Salt Movement in Takyric Solonetz under Drip Irrigation with Soil-water-redistribution Medium
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摘要:
目的 探究散水介质滴灌条件下龟裂碱土水盐运移规律。 方法 室内设置土柱试验研究散水介质滴灌条件下龟裂碱土水分、电导率和pH的变化规律。 结果 一维垂直入渗条件下散水介质滴灌较定水头入渗水分扩散速率更快，稳定入渗阶段散水介质滴灌垂直湿润峰扩散速率提高了50.3%，两种灌溉方式水盐分布规律基本一致。二维条件下垂直方向湿润峰扩散速率高于水平方向，水分再分布过程中以散水介质和龟裂碱土界面处碱土表层土壤为中心向外扩散；散水介质水平距离10 cm时，相邻灌水器形成的湿润体在96 h逐渐搭接整体向外淋洗盐分；电导率 < 2 dS m−1的脱盐区pH < 9，电导率介于2 ~ 4 dS m−1的脱盐区土壤pH值较原土逐渐降低，脱盐区边缘电导率介于4 ~ 10 dS m−1，pH值显著高于原土，积盐区边缘pH值较原土略下降。 结论 散水介质滴灌能够显著增加龟裂碱土的水分入渗速率，并在灌水器下方快速形成脱盐区，脱盐初期土壤碱化现象明显且与脱盐程度密切相关，生产实践中应采取相应的措施避免pH值过高影响植物生长。 Abstract:Objective The paper aimed to investigate the water and salt movement of takyric solonetz under drip irrigation with soil-water-redistribution medium (RM). Method Column leaching tests were set up in the laboratory to study the changing of soil moisture content, electrical conductivity (EC) and pH of takyric solonetz under drip irrigation with RM. Result In one dimensional vertical infiltration, the diffusion rate of water in drip irrigation with RM was faster than that in constant head infiltration. And the diffusion rate of vertical wetting front increased 50.3% under drip irrigation with RM in steady infiltration stage. The water and salt movement in vertical direction were almost same for both of the irrigation methods. In two dimensional infiltration, the diffusion rate of wetting front in vertical direction was higher than that in horizontal direction. The top layer of takyric solonetz at the interface of RM to soil became the center of soil water redistribution. The wetting areas of adjacent emitters overlapped in 96 hours and leaching outward as one. The desalting zone with EC < 2 dS m−1 has pH < 9. If the EC of desalting area increasing from 2 to 4 dS m−1, the corresponding pH get close gradually to the value of uncultivated soil. At the edge of desalting zone, the EC was in the range of 4-10 dS m−1 and the pH was significant higher than the value of uncultivated soil. While the pH decreased slightly in the margin of salt deposit zone. Conclusion Drip irrigation with RM enhanced the infiltration in takyric solonetz significantly and formed desalting zone quickly. While the pH increased significantly at the initial stage of desalination and close related to the value of electrical conductivity. Corresponding measures should be taken in production practice to avoid the influence of high pH on plant growth. -
图 2 散水介质滴灌二维入渗水盐运移土柱示意图
Figure 2. The soil column for two dimensional leaching test with drip irrigation and RM
图 3 一维垂直入渗湿润峰运移规律
Figure 3. Changes of wetting depth with time in one dimensional vertical infiltration
图 4 一维垂直入渗累积灌水量随时间变化规律
Figure 4. Changes of cumulative irrigation amount with time in one dimensional vertical infiltration
图 5 一维垂直入渗剖面土壤水分（a）、盐分（b）和pHs（c）变化规律
Figure 5. The changing of soil volumetric water content (a), ECs (b) and pHs (c) in one dimensional vertical infiltration
图 6 相邻灌水器湿润峰运移规律
Figure 6. The movement of wetting front in profile for two adjoining drip emitter
图 7 平行于滴灌带（a）和垂直于滴灌带（b）剖面水分分布
Figure 7. The spatial distribution of soil volumetric moisture content in parallel (a) and perpendicular (b ) to the drip line
图 8 平行于滴灌带（a）和垂直于滴灌带（b）剖面ECe分布
Figure 8. The spatial distribution of ECe in parallel (a) and perpendicular (b) to the drip line
图 9 平行于滴灌带（a）和垂直于滴灌带（b）剖面pHe分布
Figure 9. The spatial distribution of pHe in parallel (a) and perpendicular (b) to the drip line
表 1 灌溉水、沙子和试验土壤饱和泥浆提取液基本化学性质
Table 1. Basic chemical properties of groundwater, aqueous extracts of sand and the original soil
处理
Treatment离子浓度（mmol L–1）
Ionic concentration电导率（dS m–1）
Electrical conductivitypH 钠吸附比（mmol L–1）
Sodium absorption ratioMg2 + Ca2 + K + Na + 灌溉水 0.4 0.52 0.03 14.74 1.94 7.83 15.4 沙子 0.47 0.61 1.97 17.99 2.3 8.48 17.38 试验土壤 0.26 0.22 0.31 93.48 10.56 9.36 134.26 
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