基于土壤质量指数法省级尺度耕地土壤质量评价及空间分布特征研究以福建省为例

Cultivated Soil Quality Assessment and Spatial Distribution at Provincial Scale Based on Soil Quality Index Method—A Case of Fujian

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探讨福建省土壤常规五项指标的土壤质量评价及其空间分布状况，为因地制宜地保护和提升省域耕地土壤质量提供科学依据。
    方法 以2019年福建省4756组耕地土壤常规五项指标（包括土壤pH值、有机质、碱解氮、有效磷和速效钾）数据为基础，应用土壤质量指数（Soil quality index，SQI）方法和GIS技术进行土壤质量评价和空间分布图绘制。
    结果 福建省土壤常规五项指标的平均值分别为pH值5.48、有机质23.01 g kg−1、碱解氮146.69 mg kg−1、有效磷74.00 mg kg−1、速效钾145.74 mg kg−1，表现出省域土壤酸化严重、有效磷和速效钾丰富、有机质和碱解氮适中的现状，且“闽东南”的土壤pH、有效磷和速效钾高于“闽西北”，而有机质和碱解氮则是“闽西北”高于“闽东南”。土壤质量评价结果显示，福建省SQI的平均值为0.637，其中，厦门市SQI最高为0.671，泉州市SQI最低为0.558；有效磷在SQI中的贡献最大26.20%，而pH值则最小11.07%，且SQI与各土壤指标均显著正相关。同时，福建省SQI空间分布整体上呈“闽西北”高于“闽东南”的变化趋势。
    结论 福建省耕地土壤质量整体以中高等水平为主，严重的土壤酸化和过量的有效磷是关键限制因子，建议积极开展以土壤酸化改良和磷肥减施为核心的土壤质量提升研究，推动农业绿色发展。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The paper aimed to explore the soil quality assessment and its spatial distribution of five conventional soil indicators in Fujian Province, so as to provide scientific basis for protecting and improving the cultivated soil quality according to local conditions.
    Method In the present study, five conventional indicators, including soil pH, soil organic matter (SOM), hydrolysable nitrogen (Avail-N), available phosphorus (Avail-P) and available potassium (Avail-K) from 4756 groups of cultivated soil in Fujian Province measured in 2019, the soil quality index (SQI) method and GIS technology were applied to assess the soil quality and mapping the spatial distribution.
    Result The average values of the five conventional soil indicators in Fujian Province were pH 5.48, SOM 23.01 g kg−1, Avail-N 146.69 mg kg−1, Avail-P 74.00 mg kg−1, and Avail-K 145.74 mg kg−1, respectively. The results have showed a serious soil acidification, abundant Avail-P and -K, and moderate SOM and Avail-N. Also, the soil pH, Avail-P and -K in ‘Southeast Fujian’ region were higher than those in ‘Northwest Fujian’ region, and the SOM and Avail-N in ‘Northwest Fujian’ were higher than those in ‘Southeast Fujian’. The results of soil quality evaluation showed that the average value of SQI in Fujian Province was 0.637, in which Xiamen had the highest SQI (0.671), and Quanzhou had the lowest SQI (0.558). Moreover, the contribution of Avail-P in SQI was the largest (26.20%), the pH value was the smallest (11.07%), and SQI was significantly positive correlated with all soil indicators. As a whole, the spatial distribution of SQI in Fujian Province shown a changing trend that the region of ‘Northwest Fujian’ was higher than that of ‘Southeast Fujian’.
    Conclusion The cultivated soil quality of Fujian Province is mainly at a medium and high level, and the serious soil acidification and excessive Avail-P content were the key limiting factors. It suggested that the strategies of soil acidification improvement and phosphorus fertilizer reduction were mainly concerned for cultivated soil quality improvement and agricultural green development in Fujian Province.

     

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