不同套作模式对土壤镉形态、酶活性及微生物多样性的影响

Effects of Different Intercropping Patterns on Soil Cadmium, Enzyme Activity and Microbial Diversity

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 矿区周边农田土壤镉污染严重，引起作物籽粒镉含量超标。套作模式能否改善镉污染农田的土壤镉形态、酶活性剂微生物多样性尚不清楚。
    方法 设置小麦套作向日葵（WS）、小麦套作玉米（WM）、向日葵单作（S）、玉米单作（M）以及小麦单作（W）5种模式，测定土壤中不同形态镉含量及酶活性、土壤微生物多样性及群落组成，探究测定指标间相互关系。
    结果 套作模式与单作模式相比，土壤有效态镉含量降低10.7% ~ 34.8%，且交换态镉比例也有所降低；套作模式较单作模式土壤过氧化氢酶活性提高8.0% ~ 34.4%、脲酶活性提高12.8% ~ 70.6%、蔗糖酶活性提高5.1% ~ 44.3%；真菌α多样性Chao1指数、Observed species指数提高31.07% ~ 82.89%，Shannon指数、Simpson指数提高8.53% ~ 78.28%；β多样性无置信区间，土壤微生物群落结构改变；微生物的主要类群相对丰度变化明显；属水平下差异微生物的Subgroup_6 属、Subgroup_10 属、67-14属、KD4_96属、A4b属、MND1属相对丰富显著上调。通过相关性分析，土壤真菌α多样性、被孢霉门相对丰度与土壤有效态镉呈显著负相关关系；Subgroup_10属、67-14属、A4b属与土壤有效态镉呈极显著正相关关系。
    结论 套作模式可提高土壤酶活性，降低有效态镉含量，增加土壤微生物多样性，改变微生物群落结构与组成；细菌多样性的提高不利于交换态镉降低，真菌微生物多样性提高可显著降低土壤有效态镉含量，几种种植模式中以小麦套作向日葵表现最佳。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The farmland around the mining area is seriously polluted by cadmium, which causes the cadmium in crop grains to exceed the standard. The safe use of cadmium contaminated farmland is of great significance for ensuring food security.
    Method Five patterns of wheat interplanting sunflower (WS), wheat interplanting maize (WM), sunflower monocropping (S), maize monocropping (M) and wheat monocropping (W) were set up to determine the content and form of soil cadmium, enzyme activity, soil microbial diversity, community composition and changes of different microorganisms, and explore the relationship between them.
    Result Compared with monocropping pattern, the content of available cadmium decreased by 10.7%-34.8%, and the proportion of active cadmium decreased. Catalase activities increased by 8.0%-34.4%, urease activities increased by 12.8%-70.6%, and sucrase activity increased by 5.1%-44.3%. Fungus α The diversity Chao1 index and Observed specifications index increased by 31.07%-82.89%, Shannon index and Simpson index increased by 8.53%-78.28%. β There is no confidence interval for diversity, and the structure of soil microbial community was completely changed. The relative abundance of the main groups of microorganisms changed significantly. Subgroup of different microorganisms at the genus level_ 6 genera, Subgroup_ 10 genera, 67-14 genera, KD4_ 96 genera, A4b genera, and MND1 genera were significantly up-regulated. Through correlation analysis, soil fungi α Diversity, relative abundance of Mortierella and soil available cadmium were significantly negatively correlated; Subgroup_ 10 genera, 67-14 genera and A4b genera were significantly positively correlated with available cadmium in soil.
    Conclusion Intercropping patterns can improve soil enzyme activities, reduce the content of available cadmium, increase soil microbial diversity, change the structure and composition of microbial community. The increase of bacterial diversity is not conducive to the reduction of active cadmium. The improvement of fungal microbial flora can significantly reduce the content of available cadmium in soil, and wheat intercropping sunflower is the best.

     

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