长期化肥有机替代对黑土氮转化相关酶活性的影响

Effects of Organic Substitution of Chemical Fertilizer on Nitrogen Transformation Related Enzyme Activities in Black Soil

    摘要
  • 摘要:
      目的  化肥有机替代是培肥土壤和提高氮素利用效率的主要途径之一，而氮素转化相关酶是氮素进入土壤后转化过程的主要推动力。因此，研究化肥有机替代对土壤氮转化相关酶活性的影响对于后续提高氮素利用效率具有重要意义。
      方法  本文以国家黑土土壤肥力与肥料效益长期定位监测基地为平台，探究了32年长期化肥有机替代在玉米生育期对黑土土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶、硝酸还原酶及亚硝酸还原酶活性的影响。试验共选取四种处理：不施肥处理（CK）、单施化肥处理（NPK）、秸秆部分替代化肥处理（NPKS）、有机粪肥部分替代化肥处理（NPKM）。
      结果  NPKS，NPKM在玉米生育期内提高了土壤中脲酶、过氧化氢酶、硝酸还原酶及亚硝酸还原酶的活性，具体趋势为NPKM > NPKS > NPK > CK。与NPK相比，NPKM与NPKS在玉米生育期内平均分别可以提高29%和21.9%的脲酶活性，2.7%和2.2%的过氧化氢酶活性，39.8%和24.1%的硝酸还原酶活性，8.4%和6.1%的亚硝酸还原酶活性。秸秆与有机粪肥对多酚氧化酶活性的影响效果相反，与NPK相比，NPKS在玉米生育期内平均提高了15.9%的多酚氧化酶活性，而NPKM却使多酚氧化酶活性降低了9.3%。在玉米生育期内，土壤脲酶、过氧化氢酶、多酚氧化酶和硝酸还原酶活性均呈现出先升高后降低的趋势，而亚硝酸还原酶则呈现出逐渐上升的趋势。
      结论  有机物料部分替代化肥提高了土壤氮素转化相关酶的活性。

     

    Abstract:
      Objective  Organic substitution of chemical fertilizer is one of the most widely used methods to increase nitrogen use efficiency. Enzymes are the major driving force of nitrogen (N) transformation after N is inputted into the soil. Thus, studying the effects of organic substitution of chemical fertilizer on N transformation-related enzymes in the soil is meaningful for increasing N use efficiency.
      Methods  This study took National Long-term Location Monitoring Base on Black Soil Fertility and Fertilizer Efficiency as a research platform. The activities of soil urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase were determined during the maize growth period. A total of 4 treatments were involved in this study: no fertilizer application (CK), only chemical application (NPK), straw partly replaced chemical fertilizer application (NPKS), organic manure partly replaced chemical application (NPKM).
      Results  NPKS and NPKM enhanced activities of soil urease, catalase, nitrate reductase and nitrite reductase during maize growth period. The specific trend was NPKM > NPKS > NPK > CK. In contrast with NPK treatment, NPKM and NPKS averagely increased activities of urease by 29 and 21.9%, catalase by 2.7% and 2.2%, nitrate reductase by 39.8% and 24.1%, nitrite reductase by 8.4% and 6.1%. NPKS and NPKM exhibited opposite effects on polyphenol oxidase in contrast with NPK. NPKS averagely increased polyphenol oxidase activity by 15.9%. While, NPKM decreased polyphenol oxidase activities by 9.3% during the maize growth period. The activities of soil urease, catalase, polyphenol oxidase and nitrate reductase all exhibited a trend of initially increasing and then decreasing during the maize growth period, while nitrite reductase activities were increased gradually.
      Conclusion  Organic substitution of chemical fertilizer enhanced the activities of N transformation related enzymes in soil.

     

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