长期化肥与有机物料配施对黄泥田水稻籽粒氨基酸及主要矿质元素含量的影响

Effects of Long-term Fertilization and Organic Material Combination on Amino Acid and Major Mineral Element Contents of Rice Grains in Yellow-mud Field

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 研究长期配施有机物质对黄泥田水稻籽粒氨基酸品质及矿质元素含量的影响，为合理培肥及提升水稻籽粒品质提供施肥依据。
    方法 采集第36年黄泥田长期定位试验不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（NPK）、化肥 + 牛粪（NPKM）、化肥 + 全量稻秸还田（NPKS）4种处理水稻籽粒，分析不同处理籽粒氨基酸与矿质营养元素含量。
    结果 与CK相比，施肥处理的水稻籽粒总氨基酸含量增幅13.8% ~ 22.8%，NPKM与NPKS处理较NPK处理分别提高8.0%和7.0%，差异均显著（P < 0.05）。施肥处理的籽粒全氮含量较CK增幅10.4% ~ 19.2%，NPKS增加最为明显，差异均显著（P < 0.05），NPKM与NPKS处理的籽粒全磷含量较CK分别提高33.1%和35.9%，差异均显著（P < 0.05）；施肥处理的籽粒钙、镁与硫含量分别较CK增幅3.2% ~ 13.8%、5.2% ~ 9.0%与8.6% ~ 12.2%，其中钙含量以NPK处理增加最为明显，镁、硫含量以NPKM处理增加最为明显；除籽粒铁含量外，施肥处理的籽粒锰与锌含量分别增幅7.1% ~ 31.1%与16.1% ~ 19.4%，均以NPKM增加最为明显。土壤碱解氮含量对籽粒氨基酸含量贡献率达85.9%，土壤矿质元素含量对不同处理水稻籽粒氨基酸品质的影响大小总体表现为NPKM > NPKS > NPK > CK。
    结论 与单施化肥相比，长期配施牛粪与秸秆还田提高了黄泥田水稻籽粒氨基酸品质与全氮、全磷、镁、硫矿质元素含量。施肥还提高了水稻籽粒微量营养元素锰、锌的含量，尤其是有机无机肥配施。黄泥田水稻籽粒全氮、锌矿质元素含量与土壤氮、锌矿质元素有效态含量呈一元二次函数回归关系。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The article aimed to study the effects of long-term combined application of organic matter on amino acid quality and mineral element content of rice grain in yellow-mud paddy soil, so as to provide fertilization basis for rational fertilization and improving rice grain quality.
    Method The rice grains were collected from 4 treatments of no fertilizer (CK), only fertilizer (NPK), fertilizer + cow dung (NPKM), and fertilizer + full straw returning (NPKS) in the long-term located test of yellow mud field in the 36th year since the beginning, and the contents of amino acids and mineral nutrients in grains of different treatments were analyzed.
    Result The total amino acid content of rice grains under fertilization treatment increased by 13.8%-22.8%, and that of NPKM and NPKS treatment increased by 8.0% and 7.0% respectively compared with that of NPK treatment (P < 0.05). The total nitrogen content of grain in fertilization treatment increased by 10.4%-19.2%, and NPKS increased most significantly (P < 0.05). The total phosphorus content in grains treated with NPKM and NPKS increased by 33.1% and 35.9%, and the difference is significant (P < 0.05). Compared with CK, the contents of calcium, magnesium and sulfur in grains of fertilization treatment increased by 3.2%-13.8%, 5.2%-9.0% and 8.6%-12.2%, respectively. Among them, the content of calcium in NPK treatment increased most significantly, while the contents of magnesium and sulfur in NPKM treatment increased most significantly. In addition to the grain iron content, the grain manganese and zinc contents of fertilization treatment increased by 7.1%-31.1% and 16.1%-19.4%, with the most obvious increase in NPKM. The contribution rate of soil alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen content to grain amino acid content was 85.9%, and the effect of soil mineral element content on the amino acid quality of rice grains under different treatments was generally NPKM > NPKS > NPK > CK.
    Conclusion Compared with the application of chemical fertilizer, long-term application of organic matter improves the quality of amino acids and the contents of TN, TP, Mg, S mineral elements in rice grains in yellow mud fields. Fertilization also increases the contents of manganese and zinc in the micronutrient elements of rice grains, especially the combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers. The mineral elements of TN, TP and Zn in rice grains showed a univariate quadratic function regression relationship with the effective state contents of N, P and Zn mineral elements in yellow mud field.

     

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