油菜翻压与生物炭施用对新建温室土壤性状影响研究

王威; 卢树昌

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023022301

油菜翻压与生物炭施用对新建温室土壤性状影响研究

王威,
卢树昌

Effects of Rape Overturning and Biochar Application on the Soil Properties of New Greenhouse

摘要

摘要:
目的为合理高效培肥新建温室土壤提供技术支持。
方法以稻壳生物炭和绿肥油菜为供试材料，设计无生物炭加绿肥（0 + 22.5 t hm⁻²，GM）、生物炭和绿肥配施（22.5 + 22.5 t hm⁻²，BC + GM）、无生物炭无绿肥（0 + 0 kg hm⁻²，CK）3个处理，进行小区玉米栽培试验，研究油菜翻压与生物炭施用对土壤性状影响。
结果在整个翻压培肥在过程中，BC + GM处理土壤团粒结构R_0.25值最高，土壤容重最低、田间持水量最高，土壤有机质、可溶性有机碳、全氮、铵态氮、有效磷、速效钾含量和CEC均为最高，28 d时分别为4.86%、1.45 g cm⁻³、24.08%、17.82 g kg⁻¹、115.33 mg kg⁻¹、0.91 g kg⁻¹、1.31 mg kg⁻¹、45.16 mg kg⁻¹、428.93 mg kg⁻¹和18.09 cmol (+) kg⁻¹，均显著高于CK处理（p < 0.05）。GM处理效果次之，但该处理的土壤硝态氮含量最高、pH值最低，28d时分别为232.56 mg kg⁻¹和7.87，均显著高于CK处理（p < 0.05）。土壤脲酶活性、碱性磷酸酶活性、微生物量碳氮含量以BC + GM处理为最高，28 d时分别为0.690 mg (g d)⁻¹、0.2628 mg × 10⁻¹ (g d)⁻¹、151.81 mg kg⁻¹、5.71 mg kg⁻¹；GM处理效果次之，CK处理最低，CK处理与BC + GM处理间差异显著（P < 0.05）。另外，BC + GM处理的玉米籽粒产量、干物质量亦最高。
结论 BC + GM处理（22.5 + 22.5 t hm⁻²）对土壤性状改善效果最好，可优先用于当地新建温室土壤培肥。

Abstract:
Objective The paper aimed to provide technical support for rational and efficient fertilization of newly constructed greenhouse soil.
Method The rice husk biochar and green manure rapes were used as the test materials. Three treatments were designed: biochar free and green fertilizer (0 + 22500 kg hm⁻², GM), biochar green fertilizer combination (22500 + 22500 kg hm⁻², BC + GM), and biochar free and green fertilizer free (0 + 0 kg hm⁻², CK). A maize cultivation experiment was conducted in a small plot to study the effects of rape overturning and biochar application on soil properties.
Results The research results showed that the BC + GM treatment had the highest soil aggregate structure R_0.25 value, the lowest soil bulk density and the highest field water capacity during the entire process of overturning fertilization. The soil organic matter, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, ammonium nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium content, and CEC were all the highest. On the 28^th day, they were 4.86%, 1.45 g cm⁻³, 24.08%, 17.82 g kg⁻¹, 115.33 mg kg⁻¹, 0.91 g kg⁻¹, 1.31 mg kg⁻¹, 45.16 mg kg⁻¹, 428.93 mg kg⁻¹ and 18.09 cmol (+) kg⁻¹, respectively. They were all significantly higher than those in the CK treatment (P < 0.05). The GM treatment had the second best effect, but the soil nitrate nitrogen content and pH value of this treatment were the highest and the lowest, with values of 232.56 mg kg⁻¹ and 7.87 on the 28^th day, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the CK treatment (P < 0.05). The soil urease activity, alkaline phosphatase activity, and microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen content were the highest in the BC + GM treatment, with values of 0.690 mg (g d)⁻¹, 0.2628 mg × 10⁻¹ (g d)⁻¹, 151.81 mg kg⁻¹ and 5.71 mg kg⁻¹ on the 28^th day, followed by GM treatment, while CK treatment had the lowest effect, and there was a significant difference between CK treatment and BC + GM treatment (P < 0.05). In addition, the yield and dry matter weight of maize kernels treated with BC + GM were also the highest.
Conclusion Overall, BC + GM treatment (22,500 + 22,500 kg hm⁻²) has the best effect on improving soil properties and can be prioritized for soil fertility improvement in newly constructed greenhouses in the local area.

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