蔡树美, 诸海焘, 俞晓梅, 张德闪, 徐四新. 土壤盐分含量对设施蔬菜根际微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(5): 1453 − 1461. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023030302
引用本文: 蔡树美, 诸海焘, 俞晓梅, 张德闪, 徐四新. 土壤盐分含量对设施蔬菜根际微生物群落结构的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(5): 1453 − 1461. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023030302
CAI Shu-mei, ZHU Hai-tao, YU Xiao-mei, ZHANG De-shan, XU Si-xin. Effects of Soil Salinity on Microbial Community Structure in Rhizosphere of Greenhouse Vegetables[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(5): 1453 − 1461. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023030302
Citation: CAI Shu-mei, ZHU Hai-tao, YU Xiao-mei, ZHANG De-shan, XU Si-xin. Effects of Soil Salinity on Microbial Community Structure in Rhizosphere of Greenhouse Vegetables[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(5): 1453 − 1461. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023030302

土壤盐分含量对设施蔬菜根际微生物群落结构的影响

Effects of Soil Salinity on Microbial Community Structure in Rhizosphere of Greenhouse Vegetables

  • 摘要:
    目的 为解析土壤盐分含量对滨海盐碱地设施蔬菜土壤微生态的影响,探明设施蔬菜根际土壤离子组成及微生物群落组成对盐分的响应过程。
    方法 研究以2个品种蔬菜(长香丝瓜、上海青)为试材,分析了不同土壤含盐量下(高盐,> 4 g kg−1;中盐,2 ~ 4 g kg−1;低盐,< 2 g kg−1),2种蔬菜根际土壤主要盐基离子组成的差异,并利用qPCR及高通量测序技术,调查了2种品种蔬菜在不同土壤含盐量下根际微生物群落丰度及多样性的差异。
    结果 设施菜田土壤主要盐基阳离子Na + 与K + 、Mg2 + 与SO42−和HCO3均显著相关,主要盐基阴离子SO42−与K + 、Na + 、Ca2 + 、Mg2 + 、HCO3及Cl均显著相关。高盐条件下设施蔬菜根际土壤中水溶性Na + 和Cl含量高于低盐胁迫,且高盐条件下长香丝瓜根际土壤中SO42−、HCO3及 Cl含量均显著低于上海青。随着土壤含盐量的增加,设施蔬菜根际土壤中细菌和真菌数量总体呈现先上升后下降的趋势,不同土壤含盐量对真菌群落结构的影响大于细菌。对比低盐和高盐条件下设施菜田土壤微生物群落,结果显示两组之间细菌有2个菌属(鞘氨醇单胞菌属Sphingomonasnorank_f_Methyloligellaceae)、真菌有8个菌属(腐质霉属Humicola与被孢霉属Mortierella等)的相对丰度存在显著差异。中盐和高盐条件下,长香丝瓜和上海青根际土壤优势真菌腐质霉属Humicola和新赤壳属Neocosmospora丰度占比均大幅提升。
    结论 高盐条件下长香丝瓜和上海青根际土壤水溶性Na + 和Cl含量均升高。设施蔬菜通过招募根际土壤中芽孢杆菌属Bacillus、腐质霉属Humicola和新赤壳属Neocosmospora等优势耐盐微生物来增强根系对土壤盐胁迫的适应性。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aim was to unveil the influence of soil salinity on the soil microecology of facility vegetable fields in coastal saline-alkali area, in order to explore the response processes of ion composition and microbial community structure in the rhizosphere soil of greenhouse vegetables under different salt concentrations.
    Method Two vegetable varieties (Luffa cylindrica L. and Brassica chinensis L.) were used to investigate the response of soil base ions and soil microbial community on soil salinity stress (severe, moderate and light) by the use of qPCR and high-throughput sequencing technology.
    Result The results showed that soil main salt cation Na + was significantly correlated with K + , Mg2 + , SO42− and HCO3, and main salt anion SO42− was significantly correlated with K + , Na + , Ca2 + , Mg2 + , HCO3 and Cl. Na + and Cl in the soil under high salt content were higher than that of low salt content, and SO42−, HCO3 and Cl in the rhizosphere soil of Luffa cylindrica L. were significantly lower than that of Brassica chinensis L. With the increase of salinity, the amount of soil bacteria and fungi in the facility vegetable fields increased firstly and then decreased. Different soil salt levels affected fungal community structure more than bacteria, and fungi were more sensitive to soil salinity than bacteria. Comparing the soil microbial communities in the greenhouse vegetable fields under low and high salt content, the results showed that the relative abundance of two bacteria genus (Sphingomonas and norank_f_Methyloligellaceae) and eight fungi genus (Humicola, Mortierella and etc.) were significantly different between the two soil salinity conditions. Under medium and high levels of salt content, the abundance of Humicola and Neocosmospora in the rhizosphere soil of Luffa cylindrica L. and Brassica chinensis L. increased greatly.
    Conclusion The contents of Na + and Cl in the rhizosphere soil of two vegetables were increased under high salt stress. Greenhouse vegetables mainly enhance their salinity tolerance by increasing the number and richness of salt-tolerant microorganisms in the rhizosphere soil, such as Humicola and Neocosmospora. These findings contribute valuable insights into the salt tolerance mechanism of greenhouse vegetables mediated by rhizosphere microbiome, offering a theoretical reference for advancing saline-alkali field agriculture in the future.

     

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