不同化学改良剂及其用量改良松嫩平原盐碱土效果的试验研究

Effects of Different Chemical Amendments on Soil Salinization Parameters and Wheat Growth

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 探究不同化学改良剂及其用量改良松嫩平原盐碱土效果。
    方法 以小麦为供试作物，以不施改良剂土壤为对照，设5种化学改良剂（草酸、硫酸钙、硫酸铝，硫酸铵、硫酸钾）、每种改良剂4个用量（分别占供试土壤的0.075%、0.15%、0.3%和0.6%）共21个处理，进行温室盆栽试验，通过测定处理前后土壤理化性质和小麦生长状况，评价不同改良剂及其用量改良盐碱土的效果。
    结果 随5种改良剂用量增加土壤pH和碱化度下降，土壤电导率和阳离子交换量增加；其中，土壤碱化度下降幅度以0.6%用量的硫酸铝和硫酸钙处理最大，pH下降幅度以0.6%用量的硫酸铝、草酸、硫酸钾处理最大，速效氮、速效钾、速效磷含量随草酸、硫酸钙、硫酸铝、硫酸钾用量增加而升高。小麦的生物量以0.075%草酸和0.15%、0.3%和0.6%硫酸铝处理为最高，与对照差异显著，且长势整齐。随机森林分析结果表明土壤速效钾、速效氮、pH和阳离子交换量是影响小麦生长的主要因子，而结构方程模型分析结果则表明不同土壤改良剂及其用量通过降低土壤pH、提高土壤阳离子交换量和增加土壤有效态养分含量间接地影响小麦生长。
    结论 施用0.075%草酸和0.15%、0.3%和0.6%硫酸铝可使盐碱土理化性质、养分状况得到明显改善，盆栽小麦生物量大幅度增加；而施用0.6%硫酸铝还可收到较好的改善盐碱土生态条件的效果。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The aim was to study the effect of different chemical amendments and their application doses on the improvement of salinization parameters of saline-alkali soil and the growth of wheat.
    Method The saline-alkali soil as the contrast, five chemical reagents (oxalic acid, calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate, ammonium sulfate, potassium sulfate) and four dosages (soil mass ratio 0.075% , 0.15% , 0.3% , 0.6%) were composited to 21 treatments. Ice wheat was used as an indicator crop to evaluate the improvement effect of chemical reagents on saline-alkali soil.
    Result The results indicated that soil pH and exchangeable sodium saturation percentage (ESP) decreased with the increase of five reagents, but soil electrical conductivity (EC) value and cation exchange capacity (CEC) were opposite. Among them, 0.6% aluminum sulfate and calcium sulfate had the largest decrease in ESP, and 0.6% aluminum sulfate, oxalic acid and potassium sulfate had the lowest pH value. The contents of soil available nitrogen, available potassium and available phosphorus increased with increasing dosage of oxalic acid, calcium sulfate, aluminum sulfate and potassium sulfate. The biomass accumulation of wheat in saline-alkali soil treated with 0.075% oxalic acid and 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.6% aluminum sulfate was significantly higher than that in saline-alkali soil. The results of random forest analysis showed that available potassium, available nitrogen, pH and CEC were important factors affecting the wheat growth. Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis showed that different chemical amendments and application doses may indirectly affect wheat growth by reducing pH, increasing CEC and then increasing soil nutrients.
    Conclusion The application of 0.6% aluminium sulphate in the Songnen Plain has the potential to significantly improve the ecology of the saline-alkali soil. The application of 0.075% oxalic acid and 0.15%, 0.3%, 0.6% aluminum sulfate as chemical modifiers can increase the land biomass and improve the ecological protection, to strengthen the protection of black land and food production security.

     

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