宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生模式对作物植株养分吸收和土壤养分含量的影响

李忠; 吴海宁; 黄志鹏; 唐荣华; 唐秀梅; 贺梁琼; 钟瑞春; 韩柱强; 蒋菁

doi:10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023071902

宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生模式对作物植株养分吸收和土壤养分含量的影响

Effects of Wide-row Clustered Sugarcane Intercropping with Peanut on Plant Nutrient Uptake and Soil Nutrients

摘要

摘要:
目的研究宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生模式的作物养分吸收利用以及增产效应，为其推广应用提供科学依据。
方法设置宽行丛式甘蔗间作花生（IS + IP处理）、单作甘蔗（MS处理）和单作花生（MP处理）3种栽培模式，通过测定作物植株和土壤养分含量以及作物农艺性状等指标，分析比较3种栽培模式作物产量、植株和土壤养分含量差异。
结果与MS处理相比，IS + IP处理显著增加甘蔗栽培土壤养分含量，其中有效氮增加18.2% ~ 20.1%，有效磷增加17.8% ~ 35.1%，有机质含量增加12.2% ~ 38.8%；IS + IP处理的甘蔗植株全氮、全磷和全钾含量总体呈现出在花生开花下针期增加，结荚期和成熟期降低的趋势。相比MP处理，在花生各生育期IS + IP处理除了明显降低花生栽培土壤速效钾含量（降幅24.2% ~ 47.2%），植株全氮（降幅5.6% ~ 31.3%）和全钾含量（降幅12.8% ~ 26.6%）外，对其他花生栽培土壤和植株养分含量无一致性增加或降低的效应。IS + IP模式表现出明显的间作优势，LER（土地当量比）值达到1.41，IS + IP处理甘蔗产量达91731.24 kg hm⁻²，较MS处理显著增产、增产幅度达18.3%，花生产量达到1642.70 kg hm⁻²。
结论 IS + IP模式显著增加甘蔗栽培土壤养分含量以及甘蔗产量，并增加一季花生产量，是一种高效种植模式。

Abstract:
Objective The aims were to study the difference of yield, nutrient uptake and utilization of sugarcane and peanut between Wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut and mono-cropping mode, in order to clarify the application prospect of wide row bush sugarcane intercropping peanut.
Method Cultivation modes of Wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut (IS + IP), monoculture sugarcane (MS) and monoculture peanut (MP) were set up to study the effects of intercropping on yield, nutrient uptake and utilization of sugarcane and peanut.
Result Compared with MS treatment, IS + IP treatment significantly increased the contents of soil available nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P) and organic matter in sugarcane cultivation soil by 18.2% ~ 20.1%, 17.8% ~ 35.1% and 12.2% ~ 38.8%, respectively. Compared with MS treatment, total N, total P and total potassium (K) of sugarcane plants in IS + IP treatment increased at the acicula forming stage of peanut, and decreased at the pod producing stage and maturity stage of peanut. Compared with MP treatment, IS + IP treatment significantly decreased the content of available K in peanut cultivation soil (decreased by 24.2% ~ 47.2%), total N (decreased by 5.6% ~ 31.3%) and total K (decreased by 12.8% ~ 26.6%) in peanut plants, respectively. Wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut showed obvious intercropping advantage with LER value of 1.41. The yield of sugarcane under IS + IP treatment was 18.3% higher than that of MS treatment. The yield of intercropping peanut was 1642.70 kg hm⁻².
Conclusion Wide-row clustered sugarcane intercropping with peanut significantly increased soil nutrient content, stem weight and yield of intercropped sugarcane, and increases one season's yield of peanut. It is an efficient planting mode.

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