饶中秀, 李龙涛, 黄凤球, 张 娜, 孙继民, 杨曾平. 秸秆-中药渣-餐厨垃圾腐熟有机肥部分替代氮肥对百合种植土壤性状的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(5): 1273 − 1281. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023081405
引用本文: 饶中秀, 李龙涛, 黄凤球, 张 娜, 孙继民, 杨曾平. 秸秆-中药渣-餐厨垃圾腐熟有机肥部分替代氮肥对百合种植土壤性状的影响[J]. 土壤通报, 2024, 55(5): 1273 − 1281. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023081405
RAO Zhong-xiu, LI Long-tao, HUANG Feng-qiu, ZHANG Na, SUN Ji-min, YANG Zeng-ping. Effects of Substituting Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer with Straw-Chinese Medicine Residue-Food Waste Originated Organic Fertilizer on Properties of Lily Planting Soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(5): 1273 − 1281. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023081405
Citation: RAO Zhong-xiu, LI Long-tao, HUANG Feng-qiu, ZHANG Na, SUN Ji-min, YANG Zeng-ping. Effects of Substituting Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer with Straw-Chinese Medicine Residue-Food Waste Originated Organic Fertilizer on Properties of Lily Planting Soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2024, 55(5): 1273 − 1281. DOI: 10.19336/j.cnki.trtb.2023081405

秸秆-中药渣-餐厨垃圾腐熟有机肥部分替代氮肥对百合种植土壤性状的影响

Effects of Substituting Chemical Nitrogen Fertilizer with Straw-Chinese Medicine Residue-Food Waste Originated Organic Fertilizer on Properties of Lily Planting Soil

  • 摘要:
    目的 探究废弃物源有机肥替代不同量氮肥对百合种植土壤物理、化学、生物学性状的影响,为改善百合种植土壤养分失衡、性状劣变等问题以及废弃物资源的安全利用提供理论依据。
    方法 设置100%化肥(CK)、有机肥替代25%氮素化肥(T1)、有机肥替代50%氮素化肥(T2)、有机肥替代75%氮素化肥(T3)、有机肥氮替代100%氮素化肥(T4)共5个处理,开展田间小区试验,测定土壤基本理化性质(养分含量、水稳性团聚体粒级)以及土壤蛋白酶活性等指标。
    结果 在一个种植周年内,百合鳞茎产量随替代量的增加而降低,但T1和T2处理降幅较小且与CK无显著差异,T1处理经济效益在各替代量处理中最高。各处理间土壤pH值无显著差异,CEC和有机质含量呈增加趋势。全量养分中,土壤全氮、全磷在T4中增幅显著,其他处理间无显著差异,土壤全钾含量在各处理间均无显著变化。速效养分中,速效钾含量随有机肥替代量增加而呈递增趋势,其中 T3、T4处理分别较CK升高74.84%和80.31%(P < 0.05)。水解性氮含量在各处理间无显著差异,有效磷含量随有机肥替代量增加呈升高趋势,T4较CK增加70.09%(P < 0.05)。土壤微生物量氮在有机无机肥配施处理中(T1、T2和T3)略高于100%化肥或100%有机肥氮替代处理。各处理土壤水稳性团聚体分布以 < 0.25 mm粒径为主(占比52.51% ~ 63.06%),随有机肥替代氮肥量的增加呈降低趋势(降幅9.55% ~ 16.73%),大团聚体占比相应增加。与CK相比,各处理 > 0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(WSAC0.25)增加16.30% ~ 45.54%,平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)分别提高53.62% ~ 74.73%和24.22% ~ 37.30%,KCTP增加46.69% ~ 125.3%(P < 0.05)。土壤蛋白酶活性在T1和T2处理中较CK有所提升但不显著,在T3和T4中则分别显著增加39.19%和46.67%。
    结论 废弃物源有机肥替代部分氮肥有利于提升百合种植土壤养分有效性,改善土壤物理结构,提升土壤蛋白酶活性。从百合产量及经济效益角度考虑,有机肥替代量在氮肥用量的25%以内为宜。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective The study focused on the effects of replacing different amounts of nitrogen (N) fertilizer by waste originated organic fertilizer on the physical, chemical and biological properties of lily planting soil, which would provide a theoretical basis for improving the issues of nutrient imbalance and character deterioration and also the safe utilization of waste resources in Lily planting soil.
    Method There were 5 treatments in the field experiment, including 100% chemical fertilizer treatment (CK), combined applications of organic and inorganic fertilizers, including 25% (T1), 50% (T2), 75% (T3) and 100% (T4) of chemical N fertilizer replaced by N in organic fertilizer. The basic physical and chemical properties of soil, nutrient content, water-stable aggregates and soil protease activities were analyzed.
    Result The results showed that the yield of lily bulbs in one planting year decreased with the increase of substitution amount. However, the decreases were extremely small in T1 and T2 and had no significant difference with CK. The economic benefit of T1 treatment was the highest in all substitution treatments. There was no significant difference in soil pH among different treatments. The CEC and soil organic matter showed an increasing trend. For the total nutrients, soil total N and total phosphorus (P) increased significantly in T4, and no significant difference was found among other treatments. There was no significant difference in soil total potassium (K) content among the treatments. For available nutrients, the available N content increased with the replacing amount of organic fertilizer, and those in T3 and T4 were higher than CK by 74.84% and 80.31% (P < 0.05), respectively. No significant difference was detected in hydrolytic N content among treatments. The available P showed an increasing trend, which showed an increase of 70.09% (P < 0.05) in T4 compared with CK. Soil microbial biomass N in the combined application treatments (T1, T2, T3) was slightly higher than that of 100% chemical fertilizer or 100% organic fertilizer N substitution treatment. The water-stable aggregates of < 0.25 mm accounted for the main part in each treatment (52.51% ~ 63.06%), and decreased (by 9.55% ~ 16.73%) with the increasing amount of organic fertilizer instead of N fertilizer, accordingly, the proportion of large aggregates increased. The WSAC0.25 in treatments increased by 16.30% ~ 45.54%, MWD and GMD increased by 53.62% ~ 74.73% and 24.22% ~ 37.30% (P < 0.05) compared to CK, respectively. And the KCTP increased by 46.69% ~ 125.3% (P < 0.05). The soil protease activities in T1 and T2 were slightly higher than that in CK, with no significance. However, it increased significantly by 39.19% and 46.67% in T3 and T4.
    Conclusion The replacing part of N fertilizer by waste originated organic fertilizer on lily planting soil was beneficial to enhance the soil nutrient availability, improving its physical structure, and increasing soil protease activity to a certain extent. From the perspective of lily yield and economic benefits, the substitution amount should be less than 25%.

     

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