Abstract: The 3^rd National Soil Survey is an important survey of national conditions and strength, in order to accurately grasp the basic data, such as soil quality, properties and utilization status. Currently, the black soils in Northeast China are facing serious degradation problems, such as "thinning, hardening, and thinning". Effective measures should be taken to couple a large amount of soil properties, site conditions, soil utilization and other data obtained from soil surveys with the scientific protection and utilization of black soil, so as to clarify the quality of cultivated land in each region and to explore reasonable improvement and fertilization measures. It is of great significance to extending the vitality of soil survey results, promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in the region, and maintaining the "ballast stone" of grain production capacity. Based on the above considerations, this article took the current status of cultivated land quality in Northeastern black soil as an entry point and discussed the role of the 3^rd National Soil Survey in identifying the "thinning, thinning, and hardening" areas of black soil, revealing the evolution characteristics of soil organic matter and physical and chemical properties, and improving the grain production capacity of black soil, and possible ways to accurately evaluate the quality of black soil cultivated land. This article aimed to realize the implementation and extension of the soil survey results, comprehensively, truly and accurately grasp the current status of the black soil cultivated land resources in Northeast China, effectively protect the black soil and the granary of the great country.