农业废弃物直接还田和植物酵素配施对茄子产量影响研究

Effect of Application of Agricultural Wastes Directly Returned to the Field Combined with Plant Enzymes on Eggplant Yield

    摘要
  • 摘要:
    目的 明确农业废弃物直接还田并配施农用植物酵素在茄子上的应用效果，以期为农业废弃物合理化利用开发出新的应用模式。
    方法 以农业废弃物（落叶、玉米秸秆、果蔬处理废弃物和米糠等）、植物酵素和茄子为材料，设置农业废弃物离田 + 不施用酵素（N0T0）、农业废弃物直接还田 + 不施用酵素（N1T0）、农业废弃物离田 + 施用植物酵素（N0T1）、农业废物直接还田 + 施用酵素（N1T1）4个处理，测量茄子生物学性状和产量，分析土壤养分和可培养微生物数量。
    结果 与其它3个处理（N0T0、N1T0、N0T1）相比，在土壤养分含量上，N1T1处理土壤中有机质含量分别提升了24.80%、9.07%和10.72%，有效磷含量分别提升了22.21%、17.35%和4.35%，速效钾含量分别提升了18.18%、5.10%和11.87%，铵态氮含量分别提升了28.45%、2.34%和5.80%，硝态氮含量分别提升了19.26%、7.22%和10.06%。在可培养微生物数量上，N1T1处理土壤中可培养细菌数量分别增加了22.14%、7.88%和11.15%，可培养真菌数量分别增加了20.28%、7.89%和11.51%，可培养放线菌数量分别增加了18.49%、6.41%和1.99%。在促生指标和产量上， N1T1处理在各项促生指标上虽未全部达到显著性差异，但其更能够促进茄子生长，提高其生物学性状，增加茄子产量，增产幅度分别达20.36%、10.36%和8.30%。
    结论 与单独的农业废弃物还田和单独施用植物酵素相比，农业废弃物直接还田同时配合施用植物酵素更能促进茄子的生长、增加茄子产量、提高土壤养分含量和土壤中可培养微生物数量。

     

    Abstract:
    Objective This research aimed to study the effects of agricultural wastes returned directly to the field combined with plant enzymes on eggplant, in order to develop a novel application mode of rational utilization of agricultural wastes.
    Method Agricultural wastes (allen leaves, corn straw, fruit and vegetable treatment wastes and rice bran, etc.), plant enzymes and eggplant were selected as the tested materials, and experiments were performed containing 4 treatments: no agricultural wastes returning + no plant enzymes (N0T0), agricultural wastes returning + no plant enzymes (N1T0), no agricultural wastes returning + plant enzymes (N0T1), agricultural wastes returning + plant enzymes (N1T1). The biological traits and yield of eggplant were measured, and soil nutrients and the number of cultivable microorganisms were analyzed.
    Result In terms of soil nutrient contents, the organic matter in N1T1 treatment was increased by 24.80%, 9.07% and 10.72compared with the other three treatments (N0T0, N1T0 and N0T1), the available phosphorus was increased by 22.21%, 17.35% and 4.35%, the available potassium was increased by 18.18%, 5.10% and 11.87%, and the ammonium nitrogen was increased by 28.45%, 2.34% and 5.80%, the nitrate nitrogen was increased by 19.26%, 7.22% and 10.06%. In terms of the number of culturable microorganisms, the number of culturable bacteria in N1T1 soil was increased by 22.14%, 7.88% and 11.15%, the number of culturable fungi was increased by 20.28%, 7.89% and 11.51%, and the number of culturable actinomycetes increased by 18.49%, 6.41% and 1.99%. In terms of growth promotion indices and yields, although N1T1 treatment did not achieve significant differences in various growth promotion indices, it could promote the growth of eggplant, improve its biological traits, and increase the yield of eggplant by 20.36%, 10.36% and 8.30%.
    Conclusion Compared with the single agricultural wastes returning and the single plant enzymes, agricultural wastes returned directly to the field combined with plant enzymes more promote the growth of eggplant, increase eggplant yields, and improve soil nutrients and the number of culturable microorganisms in the soil.

     

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